| The new economic growth theory is that technology is endogenous, and economicgrowth is based on technical progress. Technical progress is positively proportional toinnovative density. The enterprise serves as the main body of innovation, a research onhow to promote enterprise innovation is the key to national research and development onhow to promote technology progress. On the system arrangement about excitation ofenterprise innovation, at present, most countries around the world use the tax system toencourage innovation. The main tax preferential policies include preferential tax rate,investment tax reduction and accelerated depreciation. These policies is used to reduce oreliminate the unfavorable factors of innovation, these factors include the externality, riskuncertainty, information asymmetry and so on. Several reform of the tax system by theUnited States government since1980promoted the innovation of enterprise and made solidfoundation for the new economy. This shows that a country’s tax system has a significantimpact for the country’s economy. Marginal effective tax rate analysis proved theoreticallythat the tax system has an influence on innovation, and this influence is measurable.In this paper, China and the United States as representative, to different structure oftax system as the research object, through the establishment of a mathematical model onthe structure of tax system to be expressed, we analyse the incentive effects of taxpreferential policies in the different structures of tax system. In comparison the doubletaxation model of income tax and turnover tax with the single tax model of income tax asthe main tax, and from the angles of tax compensation of the R&D investment, benefitfrom the R&D when we do innovation activities and the uncertainty of the innovation, weget the conclusion that the double taxation model exist tax incentive illusion. That meansevery kind of tax incentive policy is more preferential in the dual model on the surface, butthe incentive effect of single tax model actually to be more remarkable. This is because ofthat the different tax system structure has the different incentive effect, and theincentive effectiveness of the single tax system structure is far greater than the doubletax system structure. So in the double tax system, we need for more preferentialpolicies to compensate the inadequate of the structure itself. However, those policieswould make more market distortions, which is not conducive to tax neutrality. |
