| Since1978when the household contract responsibility system was carried out, China’s agricultural production has took a big step forward to modernization. However, many problems were emerged in the process of development from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. It is worthy of note that under the circumstances of a scarcity of overall cultivated land resource and a height scattered farmers contracted management with a narrow scale, how to adjust measures to local conditions in order to advance a synchronous development of agricultural (esp. grain production) modernization between different districts with different resources endowment, through a difference of land system arrangement in a whole framework of current farmland basic system. This is an essential issue which is currently studied less in about our modern agricultural system construction.Researches on the relationship between farmland system arrangement and modern agricultural development are so far focus on the connection of agricultural modernization to farmland property rights and scale. Most studies reveal that: nowadays household contract responsibility system, a current farmland property rights system arrangement, is playing a weakening role on motivating farmers to work, and only farmland privatization can provide a most completed farmland property rights for farmers to ensure a sustainable growth in farmland investment, so as to maintain a needed level of modern agricultural development; modern agriculture must be a fact based on a large-scale land management which makes for agricultural mechanization and highlights an economy of scale effect on agriculture, while the small-scale scattering management mode under the household contract responsibility system has hindered the development of modern agriculture.However, the research group (the author as one of its members) of Rural Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, found out in the fieldvvorks of both Heilongjiang State Farm and Yuyao Food Function District (Zhejiang Province) that: a scale of the agricultural production in Heilongjiang State Farm is indeed conductive to the development of modern agriculture, but scale operation is not a necessary condition of agricultural modernization; in a condition of decentralized management farmland with an insufficient scale, there happens a land system reform and builds an agricultural socialization service system in Yuyao Food Function District, which has significantly improved the modernization level of grain production. In consideration of this, the thesis pays attention to the study on the relationship between the rural land property rights and scale and the modern agricultural development, taking a comparison between Heilongjiang State Farm and Yuyao Food Function District (Zhejiang Province), through a series of methods comprises field survey and comparative study with related economic theory as a theoretic background.First, the thesis puts forward three hypotheses on the basis of field survey. Second, in light of literature review, the thesis states the core conceptions and basic theories of farmland system arrangement and agricultural modernization, with a longitudinal comparison analysis on different system arrangement among the USA, Japan and China from three aspects of farmland business scale, farmland changing way and farmland property rights system. Third, using the research experience data, the thesis puts up a comprehensive research on the relationship of the land system arrangement and the modern agricultural development, taking a comparison between Heilongjiang State Farm and Yuyao Food Function District (Zhejiang Province) from some aspects of farmland business scale, forms of transformation and property constraints. Besides, the thesis gives an evaluation as a key point to the process of modern agricultural development in both places. Last, three conclusions are drawn as follows:I. Diversity and divisibility of modern agricultural machinery provide conditions for the modernization of small-scale farmland management, and the establishment of specialization division and socialization service system of agricultural production makes compatibility for agricultural mechanization and family contract responsibility system. It is to say that on specialization division, farmers’small business can realize a same mechanical work through the service of agricultural cooperation economic organization such as professional cooperatives and association, etc. Besides, small business makes rural labor force replaced but less excluded by agricultural machinery. Instead, due to the advantage of scale operation, large-scale farmland management makes rural labor force excluded significantly by agricultural machinery.II. Farmland business scale is one of conditions for agricultural modernization, but not a necessary requirement for modern agricultural development. State farm with a plenty of land area, is undoubtedly more beneficial to improve the mechanization of grain production, and even may develop digital information automation. However, in the areas with narrow and scattered farmlands, modern agricultural development on the basis of household contract responsibility system may expand the scale by farmland changing; on the other hand, may form a small intensive management by innovating the form of agricultural production organization and constructing a perfect agricultural production socialization service system.III. In the right bundle of farmland property right system arrangement, famers pay far more attention to farmland on use, management and earnings than ownership. For agricultural production, a direct factor of incentive agricultural production inputs is whether or not famers own residual claims and remaining control on agricultural output. Currently, owe to abolishment of agricultural and its value-added tax, farmers under the contract of "free rent" has almost all of the rural land property rights such as use, earnings of the part and disposition. Family contracting system and a permanent emphyteusis makes a perfect power which is similar to private property rights for farmers to contract plots of land. So long as a completed farmland power of use and earnings farmers owned, however privately-owned or state-owned farmland, would not play a decisive influence on the inputs required in modern agricultural development even to hinder the development of the modern agriculture. |
