The Study Of Virtual Operational Mechanism Of Medium And Small Enterprises

With the development of information technology and virtual technology, ourdaily life and work have been affected in a long run. Enterprises started to have thebusiness done on the bases of computer and network, which means most of theenterprises are taking the lead in breaking the obstacles on the way of thedevelopment of entity economic by making full use of network technology. Underthis background, virtual organization aims to make use of resources from external isplaying an important role on the stage of history.Small and medium-sized enterprises play a pivotal role in the development ofChina’s economy by providing work opportunities, expanding domestic demand andpromote the regional economy, accelerating the global economic integration and so on,but it is always a tough question for small and medium-sized enterprises to getdurable development due to their unique characteristics, such as shortage of resource,capital insufficiency, the scarcity of talent, small in scale and so on. Although smalland medium-sized enterprise have relative advantages compares with large companies,such as specialized production, product diversification, high flexibility, high speed inindependent technological innovation, but the disadvantages always make themfrustrated in the fierce competition. Yet through the construction of virtualorganizations, several enterprises can get a way to combine their core capabilities andresources through cooperation, thus to maximize the advantages of small andmedium-sized enterprises, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, so as toenhance the competitiveness of the whole organization, seize the market opportunity,fulfill the high demand of products from dear customers and get better development.This article defines the concepts of the small and medium-sized enterprise aswell as the virtual organization to make the study more niche targeted by summaryinformation from a lot of literatures. By adopting comparison method and case studymethods sums up the characteristics of the virtual organization that are different from the traditional organization. In the articles written by former specialist, most papersagree that the virtual operating mechanism consists of organization and managementmechanism, profit allocation mechanism and knowledge sharing mechanism, thisarticle point out the strategic management mechanism and self-perfect mechanismcreatively, at the same time classify the fixed payment model into two kinds: biddingand monopoly pricing on the standard of the number of buyers and sellers in themarket and then built the income distribution model with the knowledge of gametheory. With all these five mechanisms function together, this article builds the smalland medium-sized enterprises virtual operation mechanism "puzzle" model with theclue of different periods in the life of a virtual organization.The virtual organization is a kind of the cooperation between enterprise whichcomes into being with the development of virtual technology and information systems,computer software development as well. Those enterprises which choose toparticipate in the virtual organization can be extremely scattered geographically, butthe development of science technology will promote and guarantee theircommunication barrier-free in both space and time. In this cooperation mode, thecontract relationship and trust mechanism functions a lot to secure and restricts theseenterprises all have their own core competitiveness or relative advantages to workhard for a common goal by complementing the advantages and disadvantages of eachenterprise. Through such short-term, dynamic combination, the cost (internalmanagement costs, market transaction cost, etc.) will be effectively reduced, andwhat’s more, the speed to respond to the demand of the market and the quality of theirproduct or service has been greatly increased. During the cooperation, they share thebenefits as well as risks, break through the original enterprise boundary withoutchanging the relationship of property right, on the basis of knowledge sharingmechanism, creating more benefit, get faster development. After defining the virtualorganization, operation mechanism have been taken into consideration, during thevirtual operation process, strategic management mechanism provide directions for thedevelopment of enterprises and organizations to make sure that they are doing theright things, organization and management mechanism provide lubrication coordination for the cooperation between enterprises by sharing information related toall the partners in time and organize the enterprises to have reasonablecommunications, income distribution mechanism is the organic power resource andmeaning of existing for virtual organization, enterprise decide to join into the virtualorganization on the purpose to get more interest, so to distribute the revenue by theprinciples that are scientific and acceptable is very important, knowledge sharingmechanism is the key point to help the enterprise to realize complement with eachother to get common progress, and self-improvement mechanism is the mostimportant security and defense means to make sure the smooth running of the virtualorganization and help enterprises realize win-win. According to the flexible principlebehind "puzzle", small and medium-sized enterprises virtual operation mechanism"puzzle" model is constructed with the clear understanding of the elements thatconsist of virtual operating mechanism that makes the virtual organizationsuccessfully operated among the small and medium-sized enterprises. Besides that,different small and medium-sized enterprises plays a different role in the virtualorganization, there are totally three roles in the virtual organization, including themarket opportunity recognizer, executor in the cooperation and coordinator, thoseenterprises maybe just play one role but they can also play three roles if they are goodat it, what in common is that they share the same final goal and are driven to struggleby the common goal.Even the cooperation relationship is founded on the basis of interests and allparticipants share the same goal, it still puts the virtual organization under some risks,such as cultural conflict, ineffective management, trust crisis and so on, so share theinformation comprehensively and communicate in time, also with the help of theconstruction of the five mechanisms are the keys for the medium and smallenterprises virtually operating smoothly.