Balance Urban And Rural Basic Public Services Equalization Problem Research

By the reform and development in the past30years, China is undergoing a transition from asurvival society which focus on solving the basic problems of food and clothes to a developing societywhich target for promoting the comprehensive development of each people. The contradiction betweenthe rapid increase of the public needs and demands and the shortage of basic public service and productshas become an important problem in the new stage. Under such background, realizing the equalizationof basic public services between urban and rural areas has become an arduous task in balancing thedevelopment in urban and rural areas and promoting the process of rural-urban integration in the newstage.Firstly,this paper done a theoretical analysis on the issue of equalization of basic public service inurban and rural areas,including equity and justice theory, public goods theory, the theory of welfareeconomics, the theory of new public management. Subsequently,the author defined the concept ofequalization of basic public service in urban and rural areas.To realize the equalization of basic publicservice in urban and rural areas,we should solve the problem of public resources in the reasonableallocation between urban and rural residents, Which also involves the balance between fairness andefficiency problem.In this paper,the author does a abstract analysis for the realization mechanism ofequalization of basic public service in urban and rural areas.Secondly,after analyzing and defining the problem of equalization of basic public service in urbanand rural areas, this paper makes a conprehensive study on China currrent non-equalization of the basicpublic service between urban and rural areas. Through a great deal of data, it compares comprehensivelyin basic education, medical service, social security and other aspects between urban and rural areas andillustrate the necessity and urgency to promote the equalization of basic public services between ruralurban and rural areas currently.Thirdly,the paper comprehensively analyzes the realistic reason of the non-equalization of the basicpublic service between urban and rural areas in China from the macroscopic, mesoscopic andmicrocosmic perspective. From macroscopic point of view,which is due to the dual structurethe betweenurban and rural areas.From mesoscopic point of view,the imperfect fiscal system hamper the process ofequaliztion of the basic public service in urban and rural areas. From the microscopic point of view,thesupply mechanism of basic public service in rural areas is quite imperfect, which lead to the ruraleconomic development is seriously lagging behind in the city.All these are contradictions to be resolvedin releazing the equalization of the basic public service between rural and urban areas.Finally,through combining the current situation and practice,the author point that to realize theequalization of the basic public service in urban and rural areas,we should carry out a series of reform and innovation from the top down and from macro to micro. At first, we need to break away with thedual structure in urban and rural area and guarantee that both the two residents could posses the samerights,oppotulity and ability. Second,we should intensify the reform of public fiscal system oriented bythe equalization of basic public service,so that promoting the equalization of the basic public servicebetween urban and rural areas. The last but not least,we should step up to improve the supply system ofbasic public system in rural areas,promoting the economic development in rural areas.