The Yield Increase, Unified Purchase And Socialist Transformation:the Unified Purchase Of Grain In1953and1954-a Case Study Based On Jiangjin County, Chongqing Municipality

Discussing about the Unified Purchase and Resale System, which already hasachieved fruitful results is an important problem in academic area of ChineseContemporary History. However, most researches focused on the central policies andmade their researches began from macro perspective. In case studies, some of them alsotook the macro perspective, made the grassroots research become a footnote of the centralpolicies. The others adopted traditional narrative mode, which lack of newness. Besides,most of papers have focused on the function of socialist transformation of the UnifiedPurchase and Resale System, however, the main concerns in these papers were just theorganization of peasants’production activities, not the organization of peasants’lives. As aresult, based on Jiangjin case, this paper will discuss how the local governmentimplemented the policy of the Unified Purchase of Grain and its impact on rural society.Besides introduction and conclusion, there are four main parts in this paper: First,rebuild datum of Jiangjin County’s food output in1953and1954based on1952’s datumthat be confirmed firstly in this part. Second, discuss the relationship between yieldincrease and the Unified Purchase of Grain by comparing the datum of unified purchase,the datum of food output owned by the government and the datum of rebuilding. In thethird part, the paper will discuss measures took by the government to purchase grain and its impact on people’s life. In the final part, this paper will expound the function ofsocialist transformation of the Unified Purchase and Resale System.This paper has three findings: First, grains purchased by the government came from afalse rate of growth, which means there were no so called surplus grains to support thepurchase mission in Jiangjin County. Second, propagandism that Mutual cooperationmovement can lead to a high rate of growth made Mutual Cooperation Movementobtained yield increase’s logic rationality. The benign interaction between MutualCooperation Movement and the Unified Purchase Movement made the activities ofpeasent’s production and life organized gradually. Third, by making use of farmers’moneyobtained from selling cereals, Jiangjin County established and expanded Supply andMarketing Cooperatives and Credit Cooperatives. These cooperatives promoted theMutual Cooperation Movement by selling industrial products, supplying materials neededby agricultural production and peasants’living conditionally.In a word, by supporting with each other during the Unified Purchase Movement, theinstitutional false growth rate of agricultural production, the Unified Purchase of Grainunder high political pressure and the organization of farmers’ production and livingactivities promoted the Chinese farmers to get into the Socialist Society gradually.