The Impact Mechanism Of Migrant Returnees’ Self-employment

Since the mid-1990s, due to the deterioration of environment andurban employment pressure of the rising, returning migrant workersgroups appeared the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. Sinceentering new century, the influence of the financial crisis causes theexternal market economy, a large number of migrant workers chooseto return, which are part of the group on the path of entrepreneurship,migrant workers return home entrepreneurship upsurge graduallyappear. Migrant workers return home entrepreneurship has brokenthe original rural labor flow to cities and developed regions of theunidirectional pattern, promote the rapid development of the ruraleconomy, increases the farmers’ living standards, provides a newemployment channels for rural surplus labor force, at the same timepromote the new rural construction. The third plenary session of the17th stressed that "in guiding farmers orderly on the employment atthe same time, to encourage farmers to divert employment, supportmigrant workers return home entrepreneurship". Party and thecountry’s12th five-year plan is to create a good policy environmentfor rural migrant workers return home entrepreneurship. At present,the central and local government introduced various policies andmeasures to encourage migrant workers return home entrepreneurship, however, due to the understanding of migrantworkers return home entrepreneurship is too superficial, mostresearch is just returning migrant workers in the pioneering whenfacing obstacles and difficulties and significance and so on, the lackof theoretical interpretation influence mechanism of entrepreneurialbehavior. In this paper, the migrant workers return homeentrepreneurship as a livelihood strategy is analyzed, based onlivelihood perspective, highlight the livelihood capital effect, andreveals the mechanism of action of different variables on thereturning entrepreneurial behavior.Using depth interview materials about migrant returneesself-employment from Hebei and Shanxi provinces and the methods ofgrounded theory, we analyze internal and external conditions ofmigrant returnees self-employment during the transitional period ofChina society. Based on this, we investigate the effects of pressureand propulsion migrant returnees face, livelihood capitals integration,as well as policy environment on their self-employment behaviors. Wefind that as for migrant returnees’ self-employment behavior, pressureand propulsion are predictor variables; livelihood capitals integrationmediates relationships between pressure, propulsion andself-employment behaviors, while policy supports moderaterelationship between livelihood capitals integration andself-employment behavior. Thus, we propose a mechanism modelabout migrant returnees’ self-employment.After we propose a mechanism model about migrant returnees’self-employment. Through empirical research, this paper draw thefollowing conclusions:(1) personal characteristics of the migrant workers, only gender on entrepreneurship is significant, the influenceof entrepreneurship to significantly higher than women for men.(2)the returning home migrant workers suffered from internal andexternal pressure and motive to its end of entrepreneurial behaviorhas significant impact.(3) capital integration of pressure and theinfluence of the dynamic and entrepreneurial behavior play anintermediary role, under the influence of the two force, first of allmigrant workers to integrate judgment, the livelihood of its owncapital, in turn, will eventually choose entrepreneurship,entrepreneurial behavior. Capital, therefore, the integration is thecore of entrepreneurial behavior model, is the carrier of pressure andmotivation affect entrepreneurial behavior, in this process plays asignificant intermediary role.(4) the policy of government support formigrant entrepreneurship also has the obvious adjustment effect,including project support, tax breaks, information support,preferential land and publicity of the government’s policy of these fivefactors influence on the returning home migrant workersentrepreneurship is significant. But the role of government policyadjustment cannot be simply expressed as positive or negative, it hasa deeper connotation. Not all policy support can be converted toentrepreneurial motivation, rural migrant workers migrant workers ofentrepreneurial behavior is influenced by its own capital stock,especially the financial capital and human capital.Therefore, in view of the current migrant entrepreneurshipencountered difficulties and obstacles, must have a thoroughunderstanding of entrepreneurial behaviour influence mechanism,effective construction of migrant workers return home entrepreneurship support system, to carry out the relevantsupporting policies and measures, strengthen the livelihood capitalaccumulation and to promote rural migrant workers, especially theimprovement of financial capital and human capital, guide the ruralmigrant workers return home entrepreneurship on the path of ascientific and reasonable.