The Synthesis Of Polymeric Alcohol-amine Emulsifier And Its Effect On The Storage Stability Of Emulsion Explosive

Multi different type polymeric alcohol-amine emulsifiers were synthesized in this paper, and the effect of which on the storage stability of emulsion explosive was studied. There are four parts of this paper:(1) The optimum technological conditions of the thermal addition reaction, which for the synthesis of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) was established:nitrogen is the protection gas, the mole ratio of polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride is1:1.5, the reaction temperature is220℃, the pressure is0.10MPa, the react time is6h. The product contains85.7%PIBSA,11.4%low react activity polyisobutylene (LRPIB),2.0%polyisobutylene bisanhydride (PIBBSA)which containing two anhydrides and0.9%impurities.(2) The PIBSA-TEA polymeric alcohol-amine emulsifier was synthesized by the reaction of PIBSA and triethanolamine (TEA). The effect of reaction temperature on the structure of the product was studied, the structure unity of product was influenced by temperature strongly. The most suitable reaction temperature was120℃.(3) Intermediate A (N,N-dihydroxy methyl ethyl-3-amino propionic acid) was synthesized through the reaction of diethanolamine (DEA) and methacrylate, which according the Michael addition reaction principle. The yield was97%. The product C was synthesized by the reaction of raw material B(PIBSA) and intermediate A. The process condition was determined as follows:nitrogen protection, the reaction temperature is135℃, reaction time is3h. The polymeric alcohol-amine emulsifiers G-TEA, G-DEA and G-MEA was synthesized by the reaction of product C with TEA, DEA and ethanolamine (MEA) respectively. Optimum condition for G-TEA is:nitrogen protection,130℃, reaction time is4h; Optimum condition for G-DEA is:nitrogen protection,130℃reac3h; Optimum condition for synthesis of G-MEA is:nitrogen protection,125℃react3h.(4) The viscosity, ammonium nitrate precipitation amount, conductivity, particle morphology of the emulsion matrixes which prepared by different emulsifiers were tested. Compared with polyisobutylene succinimide emulsifier T152, the polymeric alcohol-amine emulsifiers can significantly improve the storage stability of the emulsion explosive. Through the test of DSC spectra, detonation velocity, compression, work ability, gap distance and the degree of mechanical and thermal sensitivity, the emulsion explosives prepared by polymeric alcohol-amine emulsifiers show good detonation performance and safety performance.