| Emulsifier is one of the most important components of the emulsion explosives. It is closely related with stability, performance, and other indicators of emulsion explosives. In this paper, polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester was synthesized using polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and sorbitol as raw material. Solvent in the reaction was avoided that can reduce the costs and protect the environment.In the first part of the paper, one-step and two-steps methods were adopted to synthesize polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester, and the influence of reaction conditions was studied. In the latter part of the paper, the application of the synthesized emulsifiers in the emulsion explosives was investigated.The optimal reaction conditions of one-step synthesizing polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester were obtained as follows:under vacuum condition (vacuum degree of 0.1 MPa), temperature of 200℃, sorbitol/PIBSA molar ratio of 1.8, NaHCO3/PIBSA mass ratio of 0.05, stirred rate of 250 r/min, reaction time of 3.5 h. The optimal reaction conditions of two-steps synthesizing polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester were obtained as follows: Etherification:under vacuum condition, P2O5/sorbitol mass ratio of 0.008, temperature of 160℃, reaction time of 1.5 h. Esterification:under vacuum condition, temperature of 195℃, sorbitol/PIBSA molar ratio of 2.0, NaHCO3/PIBSA mass ratio of 0.04, stirred rate of 250 r/min, reaction time of 3.0 h. The results showed that the performance of the polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester synthesized by two-steps was better than one-step.The application of polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol ester in emulsion explosives was investigated by the stability and morphology of emulsion matrix, emulsifying ability, and thermal stability and detonation velocity of the emulsion explosives. The results show that the synthesized emulsifier has better detonation velocity and stability than Span-80 and T152. |
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