The Preparation Of Reactive Emulsifiers And Application In High Colorfastness Pigment Printing

The synthesis of polyacrylate emulsion used in pigment printing has attracted much attention of people, emulsifier is an important component in emulsion polymerization system. Different from traditional emulsifiers, reactive emulsifiers can chemically bonded onto the latex particle surface, so that they are not easy to parse into water, thus can enhance the stability of polymer emulsion and water resistance of latex film, and then improve printed fabric quality. Besides, the preparation technology of traditional paint used for printing is very complex, and the dispersing additives in the paste may affect the fastness of the printed fabric to a large extent. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of co-lored particles used in pigment printing.In the beginning, several kinds of reactive anionic emulsifiers have been synthesized starting from maleic anhydride and benzene methanol/octyl alcohol/lauryl alcohol/tetradecyl alcohol respectively. Though the contrast of their emulsifying power and critical micelle concentration value, it is found that MS-12has the best performance. The experimental study results prove that the addition of functional monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) can make the preliminary emulsion formed by MS-12or sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) unstable, so using MS-12or SDS alone for formula A (MMA/BA) emulsion polymerization, it turns out that the emulsion polymerization stability and water resistance of latex film prepared by MS-12is improved than SDS, but neither of them has good electrolyte resistance. In order to improve the electrolyte resistance of polymer emulsion, MS-12is composed with fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether AEO-3(AEO-5or AEO-7) by the mass ratio of1to1or1to1.5respectively used in formula A emulsion polymerization, the result shows that when the ration of MS-12:AEO-7is1to1.5, the stability against the electrolytes is better.Based on the above conclusions, a anionic/nonionic complex reactive emulsifier (MS-AEO-7) is synthesized by the esterification and neutralization reaction of maleic anhydrideand AEO-7. Compared with MS-12and SDS, the preliminary emulsions of formula A and B (MMA/BA/MAA) are both very stable while using MS-AEO-7as the emulsifier. MS-AEO-7is compared to SDS in formula B, it is found that various properties of the emulsion used by MS-AEO-7are better, especially the electrolyte resistance and water resistance of latex membranes have been obviously enhanced. Also, different process factors of the emulsion polymerization have been explored when using MS-AEO-7as emulsifier, the optimum polymerization process is summarized:chose pre-emulsification seed emulsion polymerization process as the polymerization method, the adding soaking temperature is80℃, initiator dosage is0.5%, MS-AEO-7dosage is5%, MAA dosage is1%, HEA dosage is0.5%, and the soaking time is1.5h. The appearance of the emulsion obtained under the condition is translucent with strong blue light, and the solid content of which is48.15%, several stabilities are good, too. Moreover, the composition of the emulsion and morphology of latex particles are characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TEM. the results show that the monomer reaction is complete, the generated latex particles are spherical and basically single dispersed, and the Tg of the emulsion membrane is2.37℃.It is explored the application of P (MMA-BA-MAA-HEA) emulsion1and2made by MS-AEO-7and SDS respectively as binders in the traditional pigment printing, it is found that the printed fabric made by emulsion1has better fastness. Emulsion1is determined as the coloring pigment to prepare nanometer colored particles (NCP), NCP is compared with traditional paint for cotton printing, it indicates that the printed fabric made by NCP has better wet rubbing fastness, but the fade soaping fastness is slightly poorer. According to the fastness, handle, and color indexes of printed fabric, the preparation technology of NCP and printing process can be optimized as follows:①NCP preparation:dyeing temperature is60℃, the mass ratio of solvent dyes, diethylene glycol butyl ether and emulsion is1.5:2:30;②Printing process:binder dosage is20%, baking temperature is160℃. Under this condition, when the dosage of NCP is6%, the dry and wet rubbing fastness of fabric can reach level4～5and3～4separately, the fade and staining soaping fastenss are level2～3and5respectively, which can meet the pigment printing fabric national standard. Fabric printing effects prepared by red, yellow and blue NCP respectively are studied and contrasted, the results show the printed fabric made by them has high colour quantity and uniform lustre, dry rubbing fastness of yellow fabric (level4) is better than blue (level3～4) and red (level3), the wet rubbing fastness of yellow fabric (level3～4) is slightly lower than blue and red fabric (level4～5), fade soaping fastness (level2～3) and staining soaping fastness (level5) are all the same.