Study On The Environmental Safety Of Chlorine Dioxide Solid Preparation And Its Base Material

Chlorine dioxide is a new internationally recognized generation of ideal disinfectant forits high efficiency, broad spectrum and no residue characters. In recent years, it had beenwidely used in the countries all over the world. Due to the limitations of liquid and gaseouschlorine dioxide, solid preparations of chlorine dioxide were widely accepted because of itshigh efficiency, stable and convenient characteristics. But for the main composition ofchlorine dioxide solid preparation were sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite and solid acid,Sodium chlorate and sodium chlorite were belong to the category of dangerous chemicals,which had strong oxidizing properties. In the storage and transportation process, fire andexplosion phenomenon often occured, which caused serious influence on its safe use,therefore, the research on the environmental safety of chlorine dioxide Solid preparation andits base material was urgently needed.The first research contents were as follows: to study the environmental safetyperformance of base materials of solid chlorine dioxide preparations (sodium chlorate,marked as0#; sodium chlorite, marked as0#), mechanical sensitivity, electrostatic sensitivityand thermal safety performance tests were carried out by some devices such as the frictionand impact sensitivity instrument, electric spark sensitivity instrument and DSC instrument,the doping influence on mechanical sensitivity and electrostatic sensitivity were also studied.Experimental results were shown below:(1) According to test the effective content of samples under certain temperature andhumidity for ten hours, the research results showed that: under the settled environmentalcondition (the temperature were15℃,20℃,25℃, the relative humidity were50%,70%,90%),0#and1#samples appeared the phenomena of metamorphism in different degrees andtheir effective content decreased obviously.(2) The mechanical sensitivity test results showed that Two samples without doping hadhigher mechanical safety performance and lower explosion risks, both of them exploded whenthe weight of hammer was5kg after doping with resin, oil and wood powder. With theincrease of the doping amount of wood powder, the mechanical sensitivity of both wouldmainly increase, and sodium chlorite was more sensitive to the impact and friction function than that of sodium chlorate;(3) The electrostatic sensitivity test results showed that Two samples and samples dopingwith three dopants were not sensitive to the static electricity;(4) The DSC test results suggested that in the temperature range of0~300℃, sodiumchlorite was more prone to accumulate the heat and then, causing the heat explosion, however,in the same temperature range, sodium chlorate was relatively more safer and had higherthermal safety performance.The second research contents were as follows: to study the safety performance of thesolid chlorine dioxide preparations, taking unitary solid chlorine dioxide disinfectantproduced by a production enterprise (recorded as12#) and the base of binary solid chlorinedioxide disinfectant prepared by our own lab (recorded as13#) as samples, mechanicalsensitivity, electrostatic sensitivity and thermal safety performance tests were carried outcomparatively and research methods were in accordance with the first part environmentalmethods. Experimental results were shown below:(1) In the impact sensitivity test,0#samples would become yellow rapidly when theweight of hammer was5kg and the height was0.15m, while1#samples would remainunchanged under the same condition. If the condition was changed to another in which theweight of hammer is10kg and the height is2m，1#samples were also unchanged. In thefriction sensitivity test,0#samples would become yellow rapidly when the pendulum anglewas (66±1)°and the gage pressure was (2.45±0.07) Mpa, however,1#samples didn’t turnyellow under the same condition, and1#samples would remain unchanged if the pendulumangle was added to （80±1）°.These results showed that the binary preparation had highermachinery safety performance;(2) Both of them were not sensitive to the static electricity;(3) The DSC test results suggested that in the range of0~160℃, the binarypreparation’s thermal safety performance was higher, but as the temperature rising to300℃,the risk would rise, both of them had explosion risks.In the end, some reasonable reasons were putted forward for package materials、storageand transportation.