Research On The Properties And Extraction Of Natural Bamboo Fiber

Bamboo fiber is a new type of cellulose fiber that has attracted widespread attention, including renewable bamboo fiber and natural bamboo fiber. This paper focuses on research on the properties and extraction of natural bamboo fiber.This paper mainly contains the following aspects: the physical and chemical properties of different types of bamboo are tested and the result indicates the impact of fiber production. Pointing out difficulties existed in the production process of bamboo fiber. Explore a process making bamboo fiber which is alkali-H₂O₂ and some other means using biotechnology to produce bamboo fiber. Indicate the difference in appearance from cross section and vertical section among several different bamboo fibers and ramie fiber. Try to find the distinction between bamboo fiber and ramie fiber through the means of color, density, dissolution. The main conclusions are as follows:The chemical composition of four kinds of bamboo are tested, the result show that the main chemical components of bamboo are cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses and pectin. The content of cellulose is not very large, but lignin, hemicelluloses content is very high, so it is very difficult to make bamboo fiber. There is big difference in chemical composition between inner and outer bamboo from cross section, the outer part contains more cellulose and less lignin, it is easier to produce bamboo fiber from it. There is big difference in the chemical composition of different parts of bamboo along longitudinal direction and the central part is better than others.The cross-section pictures of bamboo show that the distribution of bamboo fiber bundle diminishes from outside to inside and the lignin increases from outside to inside. The cross section shape of bamboo fiber is irregular circle, covered with transverse cracks and internal cavity, some bamboo fibers have vertical strip on the fiber surface, and the others are smooth with a cavity in it, which is very similar to ramie. There is a large distinction between several bamboo fibers which are not completely degummed and this bamboo fiber, it is obvious that the former ones are fiber bundle and the latter one is single fiber.The quality of bamboo fiber obtained by traditional chemical process is not very good. Alkali-H₂O₂ is a new process, it can not only shorten time, but also has an apparent influence to the quality, NaOH and H₂O₂ density and treatment time all apparently affect the percent of residual gum content. Then get the best parameters of the process, the best one among series of experiments is 9th.Considering that the large content of lignin in bamboo, lignin is a main obstacle to produce fiber, so we can use H₂O₂ first to oxidize lignin and remove most of lignin, then use alkali to remove rest lignin, hemicelluloses and pectin to get fiber. Experimental result show that fiber quality is not very good, this method can not match for alkali- H₂O₂.Biological treatment is a major step in the process to produce bamboo fiber. Application of Straw Stores bacteria results show that it is not very good to remove lignin, because these bacteria specially used to straw, not fit for dealing with bamboo. Bamboo rot process is certainly helpful in making bamboo fiber, but bamboo’s rot is a very complex process and need a long time to react. Because of time limit, the result is not satisfactory, it needs further improvement.Bamboo fiber and ramie fiber are rinsed in certain solution for about 1 minute, then get the fiber out and wash it carefully, during the washing time, we can find the color of bamboo fiber turn into yellow-green gradually, but ramie will not change color. Explore the use of density bottle to measure bamboo fiber density, the result show that the density of bamboo fibers is smaller than ramie, cotton. The methods dissolution and does not show remarkable distinction between the two kinds of fiber.Bamboo fiber is a promising new natural cellulose fiber, this paper have done some basic research on nature bamboo fiber properties and production process, it does have some progress, but the identification and production process are not perfect, it need further study.