Discussion On The Influence Of Chinese Traditional Landscape Painting On Jiangnan Classical Gardens

Chinese traditional landscape painting and classical gardens was known as a couple of“sister arts”. They have a common foundation of culture and thought, in the course ofhistorical development for thousands of years, and constantly are the mutual penetration,mutual promotion and mutual influence, forming an inseparable, complementaryrelationship. Chinese literati painters take their emotion into the landscape environment,and merge the artistic conception of painting into the layout and planning of the gardens.So using the artistic flavor in landscape architecture design has been a tradition ofgardening art in China.“Jiangnan garden is the first in the word.” The influence of the theories and creativetechniques of landscape painting on Jiangnan classical gardens is the most profound. It canbe said that Jiangnan classical gardens are the essence of Chinese classical gardens, verygood interpretation of the aesthetic characteristics of Chinese classical gardens. The paperregards the Chinese traditional landscape painting and Jiangnan classical gardens as theobjects of study, and expounds the artistic value the humanistic spirit, aesthetic and so on.Landscape paintings and classical gardens are in perfect harmony in the history of thedevelopment. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is the embryonic stage oflandscape painting and natural landscape gardens. In the Sui, Tang, Song and YuanDynasties, the development of landscape painting and classical gardens enter the maturestage, especially the literati impressionistic landscape gardens are developing rapidlyduring the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of both isunprecedented and unrepeatable, and has reached its peak. We are known form thehistorical development that there is the identity between Chinese traditional landscapepainting and classical gardens, such as the painters being also gardeners, the theories ofpainting being also theories of gardening, the artistic conceptions of painting being alsoartistic conceptions of landscape architecture, the feelings of painting being also feelings oflandscape architecture. These lay a solid foundation to explore the gardening art ofJiangnan classical gardens by traditional landscape painting.Chinese traditional landscape painting and Jiangnan classical gardens have the sameelements: water, rocks, plants, buildings and so on. Both are modeled on natural landscape, and apply creative arrangement and regroup on the elements of landscape to pass out of theidea of the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. In mountains and water,both emphasize imitating nature, harmony between man and nature, and have the commonart rules. The ways of panting and stacking mountain, the aesthetic principles of rocks andwater opening and closing, all of changes are the interactions between the two reflected. Inplants, the theories and methods of the guest and host’s order, the contrast and unity,solitary planting and cluster planting in landscape painting have a profound impact onJiangnan classical gardens. In the creative process, both buildings pay attention to theappropriate position and measurement, and in gardens building’s doors, windows can act asa frame to make the inside and the outside landscape integrate. The spatial processingapproaches of Jiangnan classical garden also win the essence of the creative technique ofthe traditional landscape painting. The composition of landscape painting emphasizesconception. The expressions of landscape painting have perspective method and“three-tier”,“three remote” method. The spatial processing approaches focus on thereasonable arrangements of imagination and reality，hiding and exposing, sparseness anddenseness, with small containing large and choice. These have a very important guidingrole on the gardening activities of Jiangnan classical gardens. Finally, the specific theory oflandscape painting analyzes specific landscape architecture, and the paper exploresgardening art of the Humble Administrator’s Garden by the “six methods” of Xie He toconfirm profoundly the influences of Chinese traditional landscape painting on Jiangnanclassical gardens.Analyzing the essence of Jiangnan classical gardens by Chinese traditional landscapepainting, and focusing on the beauty of artistic conception of Jiangnan classical gardensfrom landscape painting, have become an important opportunity of researching on Chineseclassical gardens. Deeply studying the theories and creative methods of Chinese traditionallandscape painting, and exploring its influence on the gardening art of Jiangnan classicalgardens, will surely help us a deep understanding of Chinese classical gardens andtraditional natural aesthetics.