Study On Pedestrian Traffic Capacity Of Cross Channel In Highway Tunnel

In recent years, with the rapid development of economics, the demand of realizing convenient traffic is highly increased, so that there have been a large number of highway tunnels been built. It should be noticed that the highway tunnels are semi-enclosed space, and there are a lot of flammable and combustible materials in the road vehicles. In case of fire, smoke would spread rapidly and there would be high concentrations of toxic and corrosive gases, which would induce in people death and property losses. The cross channel is an important way to escape from highway tunnel when the fire happens. The traffic capacity of cross channel is the foundation of evacuation route design and fire risk evaluation for highway tunnel. Considering that there is still a lack of basic data on pedestrian’s walking speeds and pedestrian’s behavior in cross channel, key theory of pedestrian traffic capacity of these cross channels in highway tunnel is thus explored in the present thesis.This paper firstly reviewed literatures on the topics of tunnel fire, evacuation model and pedestrian behavior research at home and abroad. Then, we detailed an overview of the personnel evacuation characteristics and evacuation channel design in highway tunnel, and established a mathematical model to calculate the travel times. Finally, an evacuation experiment of cross channel of highway tunnel had been done. The main results were as follows:(J) The personnel evacuation characteristics and evacuation channel in highway tunnel have been studied. Firstly, this paper analyzed the personnel evacuation characteristics in highway tunnel when a fire happened. Then, it made a summary of the standards of emergency lighting and broadcasting, and analyzed its influence to the evacuation. Finally, it established a mathematical model to calculate the travel times.(2) The experimental platform of cross channel of highway tunnel had been built up and the software which is based on the video image to analyze the pedestrian trajectories had been researched and developed.(3) The evacuation experiment of cross channel of highway tunnel had been done. This study analyzed the evacuation pedestrian behavior and the pedestrian’s characteristic parameters when the width of cross channel was changed no matter they were in emergencies or in normal times, such as pedestrian’s walking speed, personnel time interval, cross channel’s occupancy time, pedestrian layers etc.(4) Based on observation and the evacuation experiment of cross channel of highway tunnel, the traffic capacity of cross channel in highway tunnel in different width, lighting conditions and evacuation conditions of the cross channel was acquired and the traffic capacity of cross channel was increased by step.