| Since entering the 21 st century,with the process of globalization and the steady progress of the construction of a transportation power,China’s highway construction has entered a stage of rapid development.Due to China’s complex geographical conditions,crisscross rivers and vast sea areas,underwater tunnels have gradually become the main channel to overcome water obstacles.However,compared with ordinary tunnels,underwater tunnels are more closed and have large traffic flow.It is very easy to cause traffic jams in case of fire,which makes evacuation and rescue more difficult.At present,the underwater tunnel mainly adopts the vertical evacuation mode.Whether this can meet the large-scale crowd evacuation in the state of traffic jam remains to be verified.Based on the Jiajiang tunnel of the fifth Yangtze River Bridge in Nanjing,using the methods of literature research,theoretical analysis,field test and numerical simulation,this paper studies the characteristics of personnel evacuation behavior in the state of traffic jam during tunnel fire,and focuses on the key links of evacuation process.The main work and results are as follows:(1)Through the research of domestic and foreign tunnel evacuation test research,considering the integrity and articulation of the links from fire detection to the safe evacuation of personnel,a scientific,systematic,refined and effective underwater road tunnel personnel evacuation test program is developed.(2)By conducting the field test of personnel evacuation in underwater highway shield tunnel,the dynamics of personnel evacuation behavior in the state of traffic jam during fire is clarified,and the relationships between fire detection alarm and personnel response time,vehicle passenger disembarkation time,stairway cover opening time,stairway evacuation characteristic parameters and evacuation speed with age and gender are obtained,and the main influencing factors of different parts of the evacuation process are clarified.(3)For the evacuation process of the bus,which is the key link affecting the safe evacuation of personnel,numerical simulation is conducted by pathfinder software,combining with the results of field tests,to analyze the influence of different personnel composition ratios and full load coefficients on the bus disembarkation time,and the relationship between disembarkation time and personnel composition ratio is obtained.The function equation of disembarkation time and full load factor is established.Through the evacuation test of underwater highway tunnel,it is expected to provide case reference for engineering design and later operation management of tunnel,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the design of tunnel personnel evacuation scheme and the preparation of emergency plan.There are 47 figures,15 tables and 95 references in this dissertation. |
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