Study On Different Crop Straw Used As Soilless Culture On Tomato

There are plenty of organic waste in agriculture industry. Most notable of them are straws, themajority of which are burned causing not only the environmental problems but also a waste of resources.The research on how to use straw as the media of organic ecotype soilless culture is not only a solutionto recycling organic waste but also a reduction of cost for soilless culture, which has great theoreticalvalue and practical significance. The experiment takes straws as major ingredients and husk and sand asthe adjuvant materials, making6different substrates based on the ratio of volume: B1(100%straw),B2(straw: rice husk=75:25), B3(straw: sand=75:25), B4(straw: rice husk: sand=50:25:25),B5(straw: sand=50:50), B6(straw: rice husk=50:50) to seed and plant tomatoes. Meanwhile And thecomposition of six types of soilless substrates with decayed rape straw, mushroom residue, sand weremade ratio of volume C1(100%decayed rape straw), C2(rape straw: mushroom residue=75:25),C3(rape straw: sand=75:25), C4(rape straw: mushroom residue: sand=50:25:25), C5(rape straw:sand=50:50), C6(rape straw: mushroom residue=50:50). The traditional substrate with a ratio of peat:vermiculite=2:1was used as seedling control(CK) and peat: vermiculite=2:1was planting control(CK).Experiment on seeding and planting the tomato seedlings to achieve a better recipe of planting thetomatoes was in order to provide proof on exploitation of the substrates and the production ofvegetables in the industrial districts of rice and rape. The primary results were as follows:1. Results showed that the physical and chemical properties of six substrates were all managedamong the reasonable scope and that tomato seedling in B1and B2had higher plant height, stemdiameter, seedling index than CK by35.7%,26.9%,12.7%,31.9%and by38.9%,23.9%,14.3%,32.7%,respectively. It was indicated that these two substrates had the potential to be a new type instead of thetraditional peat.2. The physical and chemical properties of six different substrates were all in rational range tomeet the demand for tomato growing with bulk density being among the range0.28-1.17g/cm~3, totalporosity56%-82%, pH7.4-7.9and EC760-1600μS/cm.Different substrates had great effects on the fruit quality and yield, with B1and B2having anotably higher Vc and sugar-acid ratio than other treatments and CK and having higher yield than CKby30.91%,33.64%.3. Results showed that the physical and chemical properties of six substrates were all managedamong the reasonable scope and that tomato seedling in C5and C6had higher plant height, stemdiameter, seedling index than CK by27.7%,17.5%,9.7%,32.9%, and by21.7%,17.9%,9.7%,30.3%.,respectively. It was indicated that these two substrates had the potential to be a new type instead of thetraditional peat.4. The physical and chemical properties of six different substrates were all in rational range tomeet the demand for tomato growing with bulk density being among the range0.18-1.02g/cm~3, totalporosity51%-75%, pH7.7-8.0and EC904-2130μS/cm. Different substrates had great effects on the fruit quality and yield, with C1and C2having anotably higher Vc and sugar-acid ratio than other treatments and CK and having higher yield than CKby20.09%,20.00%.In conclusion, experiment of growing tomato seedling with straw compound substrate showedtomato plant in B1and B2have a better growth in plant height, stem diameter, seedling index and drymatter accumulation than that of CK. Its substrate can replace peat and become a new type of tomatoplug seedling. Tomato cultivation experiment showed that B1and B2have a higher production per plantand a better fruit quality than that of CK which means it could be a new type substrate for tomatocultivation instead of peat. Experiment of growing tomato seedling with rape straw compound substrateshowed tomato plant in C5and C6have a better growth in plant height, stem diameter, seedling indexand dry matter accumulation as that of CK. It can replace peat and become a new type of tomato plugseedling substrate. Tomato cultivation experiment showed that C1and C2have a higher production pertree and a better fruit quality than that of CK, which means it could be a new type of tomato cultivationsubstrate instead of peat.