| By taking samples from wine grape cultivation area in eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia. The characteristics of infertile soil, leakage of fertilizer, lower water and fertilizer utilization were analyzed, and the main indexes were measured and analyzed by using field trials and laboratory test in order to discuss the effect of the growth, yield, quality and biological soil environmental factors under different application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of wine grape in sandy soil region. Based on fertilizer equations, we got the suitable amount of fertilizer and fertilization ratios of sandy soils by using computer simulations. According to the critical period of fertilizer requirement, soil nutrient variation and the condition of grape nutrient itself, we made the accurate amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in order to meet the best growth and economic benefits requirement of wine grape. We provided the scientific basis for higher yield, better quality, more efficiently and more safe production of wine grape with a longtime view. The main results showed as following:1. The impact of Nitrogen on soil properties and wine grapes and rational applicationNitrogen fertilization significantly promote the wine grape growth and development, increase production and improve the quality of the fruit, But when Nitrogen fertilizer more than450kg hm-2inhibition wine grape vegetative growth, Chlorophyll content and lower new slightly longer, thereby inhibiting the production; Total Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium content in the leaves in leaf, petiole and stem weight were significantly affected by application amount of Nitrogen, especially total Nitrogen content with increasing amount of Nitrogen increased significantly. And the content of the four-year-old was higher than the content of the three-year-old; Vc content and soluble sugar content in grape berries first increased and then decreased with the increase of Nitrogen rate; Nitrogen fertilization significantly promote the increase of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and other fast-acting nutrients, and significantly reduce soil pH. Meanwhile, calculated The highest yield of wine grapes nitrogen application rate of510.00kg hm-2, and the best value for money amount of potassium460.51kg hm-2of the aeolian sandy3years old, wine grape maximum yield of332.5kg hm-2nitrogen rate, the best value for money nitrogen fertilizerThe amount of305.33kg hm"2of the aeolian sandy4years old by the fertilizer equation.2. The impact of Phosphorus on soil properties and wine grapes and rational applicationWith the increase in the amount of phosphate fertilizer, chlorophyll content, slightly longer of wine grape increased significantly, especially leaf content of total Phosphorus content of the four-year-old accumulation than three years old, but when the amount of phosphorus more than300kg hm-2would suppression wine grape growing, production was declining, the increase of P significantly increased soluble solids and soluble sugar content, sugar content was higher than the four-year-old three years. At the same time, the increase of P can significantly reduce the total acidity of the fruit; The amount of P fertilizer increased four-year soil available phosphorus content increases linearly, and reduce soil pH. At last, calculated The highest yield of wine grapes phosphate application rate of308.33kg hm-2, the best economic benefits of phosphorus amount of277.88kg hm-2of the aeolian sandy3years old, got the highest yield of the four-year old wine grape P application rate of266.67kg hm-2, the best value for money facilitiesthe phosphorous amount of233.33kg hm"2of the aeolian sandy4years old by the fertilizer equation.3. The impact of Potassium on soil properties and wine grapes and rational applicationIncreasing Potassium significantly promoted nutrients content of the wine grape leaves, especially Potassium content, and total Potassium content in the petiole was much higher than in leaves. But when the amount of potassium was more than150kg hm-2would inhibit the growth of grape, and no further increase in production yield. Meanwhile, Vc content and soluble sugar content increased significantly with the applied amount of potassium of increased, and significantly reduce the total fruit acidity; Soil organic matter, total salt content, nitrogen content increased with the amount of potassium increasing, and potassium increased linearly; At last, calculated The highest yield of wine grapes potassium amount of the273.33kg hm-2, the best value for money amount of potassium235.26kg hm-2, of the aeolian sandy3years old, but also got the highest production of208.75kg hm"2, and the best value for money in the amount of potassium193.13kg hm"2of the aeolian sandy4years old by the fertilizer equation..4. The wine grape NPK reasonable fertilization ratioAccording to the previous maximum amount of economic benefits fertilization results, Draw the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of three-year-old wine grapes was N:P2O5:K.2O=1.65:1:0.85. And the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of Four years old wine grapes was N:P2O5:K.2O=1.31:1:0.83. So as to provide the theoretical basis of Ningxia Helan Mountain wine grape industry. |
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