Effects Of Different Fertilization On Potatoes And Soil Quality In The Middle Arid Region

In order to offer a technical support to the fast fertility accumulation, improvement of farmland and sustainable usage of the farmland in the cetral arid region, the impact of different fertilizer manners(no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer with cow dung, chemical Fertilizer with sheep manure, chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer and with fulvic potassium fertilizer) on the soil physichemical and biological characteristics, the nutrient accumulation and the yield of potato in the arid and water-saving agriculture science and technology park in Wangtuan Tongxin county was studied by a field experiment. The main results were as follows:(1) The nutrient accumulation of potato plant in the whole growth period took on a single peak curve trend, low in seedling stage, highest in the blossom stage and decreased in the maturity stage. The plant nutrient featured with trend like potassium is the highest, nitrogen followed and the phosphorus lowest in every growth stage. Nitrogen content:leaf> stem, phosphorus and potassium content:stem> leaves. In general, chemical fertilizer with fulvic potassium fertilizer and chemical fertilizer bio-organic fertilizer works best. Using the chemical fertilizer alone had a greater contribution to increasing the yield of potato, but not to the enhancement of the soil fertility.(2)The content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, potassium and organic matter had different growth in some degree after different fertilizer manners. Including:the content of total nitrogen in treatment of chemical fertilizer with cow dung, increasing27.30%when compared with CK; The content of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium have a great growth, which was higher20.31%,176.49%and78.58%respectively than CK; the Chemical Fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter content.(3)A11the fertilizer manners can significantly improve the activity of the soil enzymes, and the chemical fertilizer with cow dung’s effect is the most significant. The activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase in treatment of chemical fertilizer withcow dung increased57.04%,97.61%and14.29%respectively, when compared with CK.(4) There’s a certain growth in microbial biomass nitrogen in every treatment. The chemical fertilizer with bio-organic was the most effective, but chemical fertilizer alone didn’t achieve such a effect.(5)There’s a great difference in the ability of carbon resource utilization of soil microorganism between the treatment of chemical fertilizer with organic/inorganic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The soil microorganisms have a strong ability in using amion-acids carbon resource especially in the treatment of chemical fertilizer with cow dung. And the utilization ability of the other several kinds of carbon resource were also increased owning to the change of soil microorganism in the treatment of chemical fertilizer with potassium humate, compared with other treatments. The functional diversity of the soil microorganism is mainly influenced by soil pH, the content of total N, available N and the SOM in different fertility maintaining practice. So, we draw a conclusion that the soil quality were greatly improved when using the manner of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic.