The Effects Of Mulching On The Growth Of Camellia Oleifera And The Soil Of Forest Land During Dry Periods

In order to solve the growth, physiology and yield problem, effected by seasonaldrought during July to October, of high-yield Camellia oleifera Abel, growth trait, soilmoisture, nutrient, physiology and yield of3clones were analyzed by FM, FC and CK.Determine the key factors of high quality and yield Camellia oleifera Abel, and analyzevarying pattern and differences, take other effects into consideration. The results showedthat:(1) The effects of different mulching methods to growth traits: Analysis of variance (p＜0.05)，tree height, ground diameter and crown width growth reached to significant level.The interaction effects of mulching methods and strains are insignificant. Cover and geneticfactors are good for the Camellia oleifera Abel growth. Analyzing the growth index by fuzzymathematics, the effects of cover to growth are: FM Gan84-8＞FC Gan84-8＞CK Gan84-8＞FM Gan68＞FM GanWu1＞FC GanWu1＞CK GanWu1＞CK Gan68. The coveringeffects varying form good to bad are: FM＞FC＞CK. The growth of Gan84-8showed thebest.(2) The effects of different mulching methods to soil moisture content and nutrient:After the cover，the soil moisture content change level is not significant in July to September,however dropping quickly in September to October. The change level of soil moisturecontent at0-10cm is great, and10-40cm is small, the soil moisture content rise with soildepth. The soil moisture content varies: FM＞FC＞CK, and reached significant level. Thedaily average of soil moisture content exceeds the CK group, that FM＞FC＞CK. And thedaily change of soil moisture content at0-40cm is U-shape. The available nitrogen, availablepotassium, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter contentin0-40soil that covered is28.48%,26.88%,31.9%,23.16%,19.14%and24.27%higher thanCK.(3) The mulching methods have significant effects on Pn, Tr, Cond, Ci contents inCamellia oleifera Abel(p＜0.05）, FM＞FC＞CK, and transpiration rate. The differences ofnet photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2concentration and Cond in different strains aresignificant, Gan84-8＞Gan68＞GanWu1. Mulching methods can delay the rest time,enhance daily average and maximum peak of net photosynthetic rate. The water useefficiency in different mulching method is FM＞CK＞FC. The results of comprehensivephotosynthesis efficiency through fuzzy mathematics are FM84-8＞FC84-8＞FM68＞FMWu1＞FC68＞CK68＞CK84-8＞FC Wu1＞CK Wu1. In conclusion, the photosynthetic ratecan be enhanced by two mulching methods that FM＞FC＞CK.(4) Drought affects that influenced by increased soil moisture content, decreased soiltemperature through mulching. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA, free proline, SODand POD indexes in the blade is lower than CK. (5) Single plant yield, fruit oil contents, nut oil contents and crown areas are increasedby tectorial membrane and straw mulch, however the effects are varied in different strains.The growth index is positive relevance with single plant yield, fruit oil content and nut oilcontent, and vegetative growth is contribute for increasing production. The mulching effectsbecome more obvious with time that FM single plant yield are2.05kg, increased56.49%than CK of1.31kg, and FC single plant yield are1.73kg, increased32.06%than CK in2011,FM＞FC＞CK. In2012, FC single plant yield are7.33kg, increased77.05%; FM singleplant6.62kg, increased59.90%. Single plant yield of tectorial membrane and straw in2012are3.23,4.24and3.16times than CK in2011. The crown production of FM, FC, CK in2012are3.24,4.24,3.22times than2011.(6)In this paper,10different indexes were assessed by PCA method. The growth andfruit yield of mulching varies: FM84-8, FM68, FC84-8, CK84-8, FM Wu1, FC68, CK68, FCWu1and CK Wu1; and strains ranking are Gan84-8, Gan68and GanWu1; mulching methodsranking are FM, FC and CK.