The Study On The Biological Characteristics Of Table Grapes Under Different Cultivation Models

Grape is a kind of fruit which is widely favored by consumers. In our country, theproportion of table grapes’ planting accounts for the dominant position. Greenhousecultivation can control the ecological environment of grapes growing needed, and improveyield and quality of grapes at the same time. What’s more, taking advantage of grapes habit infruiting many times can change the time to market, increase persons’ consumption choices inthe off-season production of fresh fruit, and acquire more economic benefits. The Guanzhongarea has clear four seasons. It has diverse climate in spring, hot and rainy summer, cool andrainy autumn, and the dry winter with less rain and snow. The use of grape under greenhousecultivation mode in the Guanzhong region has practical significance in changing the growingseason of grape and advancing the time to market.The present study discovered the biological characteristics of three kinds of test materials:“Hutai No.8” and “Jingyu” under greenhouse cultivation and “Hutai No.8” under opencultivation in Yangling district of Shaanxi Province, including their phonological periods,botany traits, growth and fruit habits, grape quantities, the relationships between fruitstructure and storability, disease resistances and photosynthetic characteristics, summarizingtheir growth rhythms under greenhouse cultivation, in order to provide scientific basis for thecultivation and promotion of dominate table grape cultivars under greenhouse cultivation inour province. What’s more, playing a guiding role in greenhouse grape production inGuanzhong region. The results had the vital significance for optimizing the structure of theagricultural industry, promoting and accelerating the development of grape planting industryin our province.The primary conclusions were as follows:（1）Under greenhouse cultivation, the sprouting stage of Hutai No.8was February14th,the ripening stage of Hutai No.8was July5th, the sprouting stage of Jingyu was February17th, and the ripening stage of Hutai No.8was June26th. From sprouting to ripening, HutaiNo.8need144days, Jingyu need131days. Jingyu had the shorter days from sprouting toripening. Under open cultivation, the sprouting stage of Hutai No.8was March31st,45dayslater than greenhouse cultivation’s. The ripening stage of Hutai No.8was August24th,50 days later than greenhouse cultivation’s. Greenhouse cultivation advanced the sprouting stageand ripening stage of Hutai No.8.（2）Under greenhouse cultivation, the yield of per Hutai No.8was2.060kg, and the yieldof per Jingyu was2.325kg. Jingyu had higher yield. Under open cultivation, the yield of perHutai No.8was1.620kg,0.440kg lighter than greenhouse cultivation’s. Greenhousecultivation increased the yield of Hutai No.8.（3）Under greenhouse cultivation, Jingyu’s bunch and berry were bigger, Hutai No.8’sbunch and berry were weighter and sweeter. Comparing with open cultivation, the bunch andberry of Hutai No.8under greenhouse cultivation were bigger, weighter and darker, and thegrape appearance was better.（4）Under greenhouse cultivation, the maxium pressure of flesh and maxium pulling forceof carpopodium in Hutai No.8were1501.43g·cm^-2and400.00g. The maxium pressure offlesh and maxium pulling force of carpopodium in Jingyu were1654.29g·cm^-2and377.00g.Jingyu had bigger maxium pressure of flesh and smaller maxium pulling force ofcarpopodium. Under open cultivation, the maxium pressure of flesh and maxium pulling forceof carpopodium in Hutai No.8were1148.57g·cm^-2and301.00g, borh lighter thangreenhouse cultivation’s.（5）After greenhouse roof opening, Hutai No.8and Jingyu both suffered from downymildew. The disease index in Hutai No.8was43.75%, and it in Jingyu was57.50%. Hutai No.8had smaller disease index and stronger disease resistance against downy mildew. Jingyusuffered from fruit cracking. The symptom was that it cracked in the junction of carpopodiumand grape. The disease index of downy mildew in Hutai No.8under open cultivation was57.14%, more serious than greenhouse cultivation’s.（6） In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, Jingyu was better than Hutai No.8undergreenhouse cultivation, and Hutai No.8under greenhouse cultivation was better than it underopen cultivation.Therefore, the performance of Hutai No.8under greenhouse cultivation was better thanthat under open cultivation. The Hutai No.8under greenhouse cultivation was worthspreading.