Effects Of Different Management Modes On Fruit Quality Of Feicheng Peach

This experiment was carried out in Shandong Province Feicheng city Xishangli orchardfrom August2011to September2012. On the base of measuring the soil nutrition and theenvironmental factors, effects of different management modes of Fruit bagging（T）, Rainproofcanopies （Z） and net for preventing insect （F） on Fruit Quality of Feicheng Peach wasresearched. At the same time, The metabolic rule of flavor compounds in the maindevelopment period of Feicheng peach was researched. While the “Baili” Feicheng peachplanted in natural condition was used as CK. The following were main results:1. In the main devenatural environmenteriod of Feicheng peach, the temperaturevariation range was about25～35℃in the day time of natural environment. Theenvironmental temperature of F was about0～0.5℃higher than CK. The higher theenvironmental temperature was, the bigger the internal and external temperature differencewas, conversely, it was the smaller. The average temperature of F and Z have a significantdifference with CK, but not the T. The change range of environmental humidity measured wasbig when it was between30﹪and80﹪. It reached the top when the fruits were in thematurity.The humidity of F was the highest while Z was the lowest, they hade a significantdifference with CK, but not the T.2. In the main development period of Feicheng peach，the order of net photosynthesisrate in different treatments was CK (9.14±4.37μmolCO₂．M^-2．S^-1)＞T(9.09±4.39μmolCO₂． M^-2． S^-1)＞Z (8.91±4.40μmolCO₂． M^-2． S^-1)＞F (8.53±4.57μmolCO₂．M^-2．S^-1)，and there were no significant differences in them. The order of theContent of leaves Chlorophyll in different treatments was F（52.87±5.04SPAD）＞CK（49.53±2.51SPAD）＞T（49.43±2.70SPAD）＞Z（49.14±2.75SPAD）and there were nosignificant differences in them.3. The experiment showed that Pach trees was planted in the same soil, the soil nutritionand the physical and chemical properties were basically identical. The variation range of thesoil’s pH was7.13～7.72and the average value of the pH was7.45, which was neutral orweak alkaline. In very soil layer, the content of N、P、K was very rich. The content of soilavailable N was about61.69～110.55mg/kg, which was in the3～4level.The content of soil available p was about12.4～32.7mg/kg,which was in the2level. The content of soilavailable K was about157.33～269.26mg/kg, which was in the1-2level. The content oforganic matter was9.27～13.67g/㎏, which was in the4-5level. The content of insufficientCa2+was about5872～6850mg/kg, which could reach the high level. The content ofinsufficient Mg2+was about310.04～463.72mg/kg, which could reach the high level. Thecontent of insufficient Mg2+and Ca2+were very significantly positively correlated with thecontent of Vc of Feicheng peach and the correlation coefficient were0.89**and0.90**.4. Rainproof canopies were proved to be the optimum for improving comprehensivequality of Feicheng peach. The optimum harvest time for peach in CK was from2thSeptember to5thSeptember depending on demand and price in marketing. Both single fruitweight and total acid content were reduced by rainproof canopy, which raised sucrose,glucose, fructose contents. The aldehydes and ketones concentrations of the aroma werelowered by rainproof canopy that increased esters, alcohols, lactones concentrations. Glucoseand sucrose levels in fruit were increased by mothproof net, which decreased fructose content.The esters, lactones, ketones, hydroxysteroid concentrations of aroma were reduced bymothproof net that increased aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids concentrations. Total acidcontent was decreased by bagging treatment that increased sucrose, glucose, fructose levels.The esters, ketones, hydroxyl and other aroma substances contents were decreased by baggingtreatment, which increased aldehydes, alcohols, lactones, carboxylic acid substancesconcentrations.5. Types of aroma components at different growing stages were distinct. Aroma inimmature fruit was mainly composed of aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and hydroxycompounds, and its aroma types （approximately60to70）were significantly more than thosein mature fruit （approximately50to60kinds）. The latter was chiefly comprised of aldehydes,esters, alcohols, lactones compounds.6. The tendency of change in sugars constituent s was not fairly consistent with the onein related enzymes activities of their metabolism. In general enzyme activity was not thelimited factor to sugar metabolism to some degree. Analysis on the relation between sugarscomponents and metabolism suggested that sucrose content was significantly and highlysignificantly positively related with sucrose synthase （SS） and sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS） with correlation coefficients of0.41*and0.90**. Sucrose content was negativelyrelated with invertase activity, and glucose content was negatively related with sucrosesynthase （SS） and invertase activities. Fructose content was negatively related with sucrose synthase （SS） and acidic invertase activities（AI）, but positively related with sucrosephosphate synthase （SPS） and acidic invertase（NI）activities without significant correlations.7. LOX, HPL, ADH, AAT, ACOX activities were positively related with esters, lactonescontents, but at different developmental stages, trends of change in esters、lactones levels wasnot exactly conform with enzyme activities.