Research On Tuber Expansion Regular Of Different Propagation Materials And Soilless Cultivation Of Pinellia Ternata

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is perennial herbaceous vegetation of Araceae, its tubers use as medicines and is a Chinese traditional materia medica, and it has the function of against emesis, removing dampness, removing mass and dispersing the accumulation, et al. Although P. ternata resource distribute widely, wildlife resources decrease because of environmental destruction and people exploit indiscriminately; P. ternata has developed cultivation currently, but it has restricted as low coefficient of propagation and varieties degradation.In order to study the growth pattern of P. ternata, and provide a theoretical basis for its high yield cultivation, while providing materials of production and breeding for P. ternata, this experiment stduied on the tubers expanding mechanism and the active ingredient accumulation pattern of P. ternata, which has three different materials of reproduction:seeds, bulbils and tubers; and the best soilless substrate and nutrient solution formula of P. ternata seed were screened. The main results are as follows:1. P. ternata seed testa would burst when absorbed moisture after a week, and then the radicle exposed; the epicotyl began to form after the radicle had grown5days; the germ would develop into stems and leaves after8days; the small protuberant had formed when the leaf began to expansion at10days, the cotyledon began to atrophy when the small protuberant dilated, and the protuberant became to regular tuber in30days.2. When P. ternata seedling was formed, the fresh weight of P. ternata plant increased in the period of growth, while the weight and diameter of small tubers increased quickly in the early stage, slowly in the later stage. During the tubers expanding, plant photo synthetic pigment content and soluble sugar content both showed the "low-high-low" trend. P. ternata seed growth process could be divided into three periods: the tuber formation, tuber enlargement and tubers slow growth period.3. Researched on the expansion rule of tubers, which formed of P. ternata seed, the fresh weight of its plant rose first, and then reduced; the weight and diameter of tubers accumulation increased with the expanding process, and showed the "S" type curve.4. The grain weight variable range of bulbils was0.35-0.45g, and the tubers were divided into:level Ⅰ (0.5～0.7g), level Ⅱ (0.9～1.1g), level Ⅲ(1.3～1.5g), level Ⅳ(1.7～2.0g) The plant fresh variation between bulbils and different levels of tubers P. ternata was consistent, both increased slowly in the early stage, increased quickly in the medium stage, decreased by degrees in the later stage; the weight variation between bulbils and different levels of tubers was also consistent, the rising rate were characterized by "slow-fast-slow", the growth rate of bulbils and level I were higher than the other three levels, the rate of growth of large tubers was relatively low; the diameter of bulbils decreased in the early, then increased, different levels of tubers diameter length and width declined in the early and then increased, others increased slowly in the later stage except for the level v. The expending period of bulbils and different levels of tubers was50days, according to the variation rule of the weight and diameter, the expending stage could be divided into the initial stage20days, the peak stage20days and the last phase10days.5. The total alkaloid content variable range of bulbils and different levels of tubers of P. ternata was:0.0355-0.0382%,0.0362～0.0389%,0.0383-0.0409%,0.0395～0.043%,0.0411～0.046%, it increased early, then bulbils and Ⅰ,Ⅱ increased slowly, but III, Ⅳ declined; the polysaccharide content variable range was:3.12～4.33%,3.56～5.31%,4.32～6.52%,5.01～7.71%,6.14～8.69%, it characterized by rising, and the rising rate was characterized by "slow-fast-slow"; the guanosine content variable range was:0.0078～0.013%,0.0088～0.0142%,0.0097～0.0157%,0.011～0.0185%,0.0122～0.0231%, it rose first, then reduced. The active ingredients content of bulbils and different levels of tubers was higher at the last of peak stage.6. The most suitable soilless substrate for seed germination was the vermiculite perlite matrix, followed by the vermiculite; the vermiculite perlite matrix was the most suitable for the weight and diameter, followed by the sand perlite matrix and perlite; focus on the total alkaloids, polysaccharides and guanosine content, the most suitable soilless substrate was perlite, sand and perlite (1:1), vermiculite and perlite (1:1).The most suitable nutrient solution for the weight, diameter and the active ingredients content was the Japanese garden-type formula, nutrient solution A and C.