Mechanism Of Vermicomposting Of Maize Stover By Earthworm

Vermicomposting is based on bio-compost added to earthworm, which take theadvantages of earthworm’s characteristics and the digestion of earthworms and the microbialinteractions in drilosphere, making the straw and other organic waste into excellentproperties vermicompost in the aspects of physical, chemical and biological and into stablequality humus. It is an effective technology use of earthworm to cope with crop stalks andother organic wastes which is more and more popular in recent years.Analyzing the constitute characteristics of enzymes and the microbial composition ofdifferent types of earthworms drilosphere,understanding lignocellulose degradation enzymesystem of earthworm symbiotic microorganisms and its degradation mechanism and themicrobial strains of high efficiency degradation lignocellulose, looking for high catalyticactivity and low cost lignocellulose degradation enzymes, which not only can improve theefficiency and quality of compost, but also greatly reduces the environmental pollution. Andit is practical significance for the use of straw and manure crops.In this study we put the mixture of maize straw which the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is35and chicken manure as raw materials. Put the table amphibians earthworm Eisenia foetidaand deep amphibians earthworms Amynthas hupeiensis as experimental group and materialswithout earthworms as control. There are four groups in total, a control treatment withoutearthworms, a treatment with deep amphibians earthworms, a treatment with tableamphibians earthworms and a treatment with above two kinds earthworms. Using A1,E1,M1stand for the fiftieth day’s sample respectively from the corresponding groups, A2,E2, M2stand for the thirtieth day’s sample respectively from the corresponding groups, andA3, E3, M3stand for the sixtieth day’s sample respectively from the corresponding groups.We study the physicochemical properties changes of corn stalk material duringvermicomposting process and changes of lignocellulose enzymes and degradation oflignocellulose and components of microbial. The results are as follows:1. Physical and chemical properties changes of materials during vermicomposting processing: the material pH were decreased, the rapid decrease group in pH is group A; theorganic carbon content all decreased, and the fastest decline group is group A, and at thesixtieth day it was375.65g/kg；The ratio of carbon and nitrogen is lower than CK, group A atthe forty-fifth day the ratio of carbon and nitrogen was minimum at30.58, followed bygroup E, it was32.27. Total nitrogen content increased first and then decreased volatility andin increasing trend over time, at the fifteenth day nitrogen content of group A up to13.27g/kg; total phosphorus content were all higher than CK, and at the fifteenth day the totalphosphorus content of group M was maximum at6.58g/kg; the total potassium contenttended to increase with time, and at the sixtieth day the total potassium content of group Ewas6.23g/kg and that of group A was6.45g/kg; Available nitrogen content tended toincrease with time, and at the60d the available nitrogen content of group A was1195.67mg/kg, and group E was1112.55mg/kg; Available nitrogen levels were all higher than CK,and at the fifteenth day the available nitrogen levels of group A up to5.69g/kg; Potassiumlevels were all higher than CK. The maximum content of Potassium levels of group E, M, Arespectively was at the forty-fifth day, the thirtieth day, the sixtieth day and it were107.36mg/kg,109.85mg/kg and106.22mg/kg.2. Characteristics of the material zymogram during vermicomposting treatment:measure seven kinds of enzyme activity which degrading lignocellulose at theVermicomposting process it all increased first and then decreased with time and the enzymeactivity in the early stage of earthworms and that were all higher than CK. The highestenzyme activity of carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, β-glucosidase,xylanase, acetyl esterase, ferulic acid esterase and manganese peroxidase of group M weremaximum, and respectively at the forty-fifth day, the fifteenth day, forty-fifth day, thethirtieth day, the fifteenth day, the fifteenth day, the thirtieth day it was up to2.74U/g,185.96U/g,29.09U/g,72.82U/g,2.18U/g,0.32U/g,21.69U/g. Content of cellulose,hemicellulose, lignin were decreased with time, and Cellulose content of the experimentalgroup were all lower than CK. At the end of the test cellulose material contents of group E,M and A respectively were10.77%,8.13%and10.11%, and Hemicellulose contentrespectively were21.37%,21.38%,22.41%, and lignin content respectively were6.68%, 7.65%,8.07%.3. Changes in microbial community structure during vermicomposting material:97%similar levels of bacterial species diversity the highest is E2, the lowest is M1. Fungalspecies diversity of M2is highest, and the lowest is the A3. The relative abundance ofFlavobacteriaceae、Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadaceae all was first increased and thendecreased trend with time in group E, M and A. At the end of the test material in eachtreatment group at the level of the bacterial flora in the relative abundance of subjects weresmall, there was no advantage bacterial species. The relative abundance of high bacterialflora was concentrated in Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter,Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas and Streptomyces.The relative abundance of Mucoraceae, Psathyrellaceae,Spizellomycetaceae,in groupM, E, A were the first to fall after rise trend over time. The relative abundance ofMitosporic_Cystofilobasidiales showed an increasing trend in group E, A, and Increased firstand then descending in group M. The relative abundance of Pseudeurotiaceae in all groups lshowed an increasing trend over time. At the end of Vermicomposting process theadvantages fungal flora of group E, M, A respectively were Mucoraceae(36.82%),Mucoracea(71.42%), and Mitosporic_Cystofilobasidiales(39.04%). The relative abundanceof fungal flora focus on Coprinopsis,Gaertneriomyces,Guehomyces, Mucor,Cercophora,Pseudogymnoascus, Parascedosporium,Cryptococcus,Fusarium,Cladorrhinum,Mortierellaand Penicillium.