| BackgroundThe technique of organ transplantation is the best treatment for patients with the terminal stages of organ failure. In the field of modern medicine, organ transplantation is known as the most breakthrough medical clinical technology and one of the greatest medical achievements in the20th century human medical history. So far, tens of thousands of organ transplant surgeries have carried out by the global, so, many patients regained health. With the development of medicine sciences, the technique of organ transplantation tends to be mature day by day. However, the severe shortage of organ donors has become the choke point that restricts the development of organ transplantation, and it is a worldwide problem. Organ transplantation depends on the organ donation. The main sources of organ donation are organ after citizen brain death in developed countries. Our liver transplantation and lung transplantation is advanced in the world at present. The total of organ transplant has become the second country after the United States, and organ transplant business is development at high speed. But at the same time, our country is also the one of most shortage of organ donors in the countries, and there are source of organs ethics, organ trafficking and organ transplant tourism, which involves a series of social, ethical and legal problems. The main sources of organ donors are executed prisoners in our country. Transplantation from executed prisoners is not recognized by the international community, and even become a political attack means! The lancet appealed to implement the "three-no" for the organ transplants in China, which is no accepting, no publishing and no cooperating, on October1,2011. Organ transplantation exits serious problems and faces severe challenges in our country. In the case, to build a perfect management system of organ donation is urgent need. In this case, the urgent problems to be solved is how to build a perfect national organ donation and transplantation system, and to carry out organ donation after citizens death under voluntary contributions, according to our country national condition and international recognized ethical principles.In order to regulate organ transplantation, the country has carried on the experiment of organ donation, and carried out organ donation after citizen death under voluntary contributions, in March2010. Organ procurement organization (OPO) arises at the historic moment in such an environment, obtains a breakthrough development both on quantity and scope, and has been an important force in the field of organ donation gradually. However, on the whole, the development of our OPO is still facing many problems in the process of development.ObjectivesTo know the status such as amount, distribution, personnel structure, and workload of OPO, and then analyses the exiting problems of OPO at present. To propose feasible ideas by finding out the encountering difficulties and subsistent problems by comparing with foreign OPO, and making a SWOT Analysis on OPO in certain military hospital as a case researcher, exploring the development direction and countermeasures, providing reference for other provinces or cities to establish and develop the OPO, an decision-making basis for government departments to formulate relevant policies, in order to improve quality and level of management of OPO, to increase the number of organ donors, to expand the organ donor, and to promote the long-term and healthy development of organ transplantation business in China.MethodsThis study towards to analysis and elaboration the definition, nature, significance, development status, and existing problems of OPO though literature analysis, interviews, survey method based on related research. After that, though case study of a military hospital OPO, we analyze the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens of the development of OPO Comprehensively and systematically by SWOT analysis method of strategic management. Investigating the organizational framework, operational processes, related technology of the development of OPO and OPO management system as the strength analysis; analyzing the professional qualities of organ donation coordinator, the evaluation mechanism of the members of OPO and the fund of the development of OPO as the weakness analysis; studying the managerial experience of OPO from abroad, public policy and the potential organ donors as opportunity analysis; researching brain death legislation, the current management system of OPO and donator organs as the threaten analysis. Finally, putting forward countermeasure and advice for the next step of the development of OPO based on the organization build and construct perfect external environment to support the development of OPO continuously.SignificancesAlthough the business of organ donation has been quite a long time, and the human body organ donation will never stop, it always failed to solve contradiction between supply and demand in organ transplantation in China. Nowadays, with the rapid development of medical technology, the problem of supply and demand about organ needs to be solved. Before July2011, organ donation didn’t establish independent OPO, and was usually get organs directly by the hospital for organ transplants in China. Domestic organ donation work has been into the disordering development predicament, which mainly displayed that many medical institutions was blind to carry out the transplant program to sensationalism, and some small and medium-sized hospitals began an organ transplant to show their overall strength. In such a medical condition, so some citizens produced resistance for the organ donation. On the other hand, for some people with positive thoughts, they wanted organ donation registration, but there were no specific organ procurement organizations for counseling. Because of setting up special organ procurement organs, citizens were not enough to understand the organ donation process. This was also the important cause of the contradiction in supply and demand. The orderly work of organ donation and procurement is the basis link of clinical organ transplant work, and it decides importance of OPO in organ donation and transplant system. So a lot of concrete operations are needed such a organization to implement.The author tried to combine management theories such as SWOT analysis and the incentive mechanism to research the construction of OPO to explore the development direction of OPO, in order to improve the scientific understanding of OPO construction and development, and to build the national organ donation and obtain organization network for providing a communication platform for organ donors and patients who needed organ transplants. So it has important significance of building perfect transplant organ donation system, and it can be helpful for improving the organ donation rate and quality level, and promoting the development of organ transplantation, in order to offer more welfare to the health of the human.Results and ConclusionsOPO means specifically for organ procurement, established independent at the same hospital’s transplant team, responsible for organ medical evaluation, data collection, and organ procurement, distribution, transport and transfer to the organ for transplant hospital. OPO has the nature of the non-profit, public interest, professionalism, risk. Construction and development of the OPO can help successfully finish organ donation, can effectively curb the occurrence of the phenomenon of organ trading, and help to promote the construction of spiritual civilization in our country. At present, China has established164OPOs, mainly relying on the transplant hospital, which are distributed31provinces or municipalities throughout the country (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). In recent years, OPO has made some achievements in the process of development, played an important role in organ donation and procurement, completed659cases of organ donation, and saved more than1,000patients.At present, there are some problems in the construction and development of OPO. OPO membership structure is not reasonable, relatively large proportion of the medical experts and management personnel, lack of sociologists and community volunteers to participate; lack of systematic training OPO members; OPO members are not enthusiastic because of lack of effective incentives for them; the problem of costs in organ donation and procurement is lack of funds; community OPO awareness is not high, so that the loss of some potential organ donors.Through the SWOT analysis theory to empirical study found OPO development strengths (S) of certain military hospital of Guangzhou:OPO organizational structure; norms the OPO run process technology have obvious advantages, systems science and sound; weaknesses (W):organ donation Coordinator professional quality needs to be improved, the OPO member of the lack of an effective evaluation mechanism, the OPO insufficient funds; opportunities (O):advanced foreign experience to draw on the support of national policy, and the rich resources of potential organ donors; threats (T):brain death in our country has not been legally recognized OPO management system is not yet mature, organ donor shortage.At present OPO is still in its primary stage of development, the construction of OPO remains to be further improved in China. Constructing and developing OPO to regulate the organ donation and transplantation in our country, on the one hand, needs to strengthen the construction of OPO internal own capabilities, which specifically includes:strengthening the human resource construction of OPO, perfecting OPO related management practices, constantly improving the level of technology, and improving the credibility of OPO, on the other hand, and build external environment support system for development of OPO our country, which specifically includes: establishing perfect the corresponding laws and regulations, in accordance with the laws and regulations to development OPO organization, cultivating public thick consciousness of voluntary donation after death to create a good atmosphere of organ donation, establishing perfect the OPO service network all over the country to perfect the mechanisms for coordinating organ donation transplantation, building "government-led, multi-sectors cooperation, public participation" model to jointly promote the development of OPO.Innovations and deficienciesThe main innovation points of this paper: OPO still belongs to the new organization in our country. The current domestic special study of OPO also is less, which discussed on preliminarily OPO, and the research is not enough in-depth. This paper studied specifically and systematically the institutional construction of OPO from OPO’s background, which expand the research perspectives and research fields. And, this paper used firstly and systematically classical strategy management theory which was SWOT model, and the related theory of incentive mechanism to analyze main influencing factors on construction and development of the OPO, and put forward some ideas and practical and feasible suggestions on the development OPO to build the perfect organ donation and procurement organization for making organ donation more standard, in order to promote the long-term and healthy development of organ transplant business in China.Of course, this research also had shortcomings, and due to the organization construction of organ donation and procurement which is a complicated system engineering, OPO in the process of construction and development should combine OPO oneself circumstance to constantly improve themselves. Because China’s OPO is still in the initial stage, the mature practice and successful experience is less. And the scholars’ study of the country’s OPO is relatively weak, few academic achievements for reference. What’s more, the author’s academic level as well as the time limited, lack of understanding of the medical knowledge, put forward the concrete measures which still needed further refinement in practice, and the feasibility of research remains to be development in such aspects. |
PDF Full Text Request