Influence Of Trustworthiness On Individual’s Decision-making And Fairness In The Ultimatum Game

The disadvantages is human instinct.During interpersonal interactions, people tend to determine their behavior orientation according to all kinds of clues of the persons being communicating with.Among them, whether internal clues or external, they are under the influence of face information, especially face trustworthiness, it directly decides the basic reaction for the individual whether to take close to or to withdrawal of in interpersonal interaction,becoming a hot issue of human interaction research in recent years. The ultimatum game is the classic paradigm of examining interpersonal interaction,and it will be affected by many factors, one of them is faces trustworthiness. But among the previous studies of testing the effects of face trustworthiness on social decision, few combine the two.And during the game, whether individual is more sensitive to the trusted face or more sensitive to the non-trusted faces, previous studies are divided on this issue. Therefore, this study to investigate whether there is influence of face trustworthiness on the decision-making and sense of fairness of individuals in the ultimatum game task, and the influence of concrete conditions.Otherwise, face trustworthiness is an very important aspect of trait inference. And face trustworthiness assessment could assess the total valence of face approximately well. Some scholars use emotional overgeneralization hypothesis to explain this phenomenon,meaning judgement of trusted face is similar to the evaluation of happy faces, but evaluation of non-trusted faces is similar to the evaluation of angry faces. But this hypothesis is correct? Previous researches seldom prove it. Therefore, this study attempts to verify this hypothesis. Using software to control all the dimensions of the same face, got the same face with different valence and different trust levels as the proposer’s photos in the ultimatum game. If the valence’s impact and trusted level’s impact on individual decision making is the same, then can confirm emotional overgeneralization hypothesis, if different, the null hypothesis.This study includes two experiments. Experiment1examined the effect of different levels of face trustworthiness on the decision-making and sense of fairness of respondents in the ultimatum game; Experiment2studyed the effect of different face valence on the decision-making and sense of fairness of respondents in the ultimatum game.Through of the above two experimental studies, this study came to the following conclusions:(1) Face trustworthiness had a great effect on the decision of the individuals in the ultimatum game,the reaction was significantly lower with a trusted face than with a non-trusted face.And the response rate is significantly higher than with non-trusted face.(2) The fair level of proposed offer had no significant difference in the reaction time and accept rate, but the fair level and social distance interacted significantly.In the face of unfair proposal, respondent reacted significantly faster when with familiar proposor than with unfamiliar propondent, accept rate is also significantly higher than unfamiliar situations.But facing fair proposal, the situation does not affect the reaction of the respondents. That suggested the affinity-disaffinity relationship between game object and respondents is one of the important factors that interference to make rational decisions.And social norms be used to activated and specific situation pressure theory can explain this phenomenon.(3) With respondents faces of different emotional valence as experiment material, compared with their effect on UG, the effect was almost the same, showing that emotional overgeneralization hypothesis could accurately explain faces trustworthiness evaluation of non-trusted faces is similar to the evaluation of angry faces, and can use the common consciousness hypothesis to explain it.