A Study On "V Lai" And "V Qu" Structures

Firstly, according to verbs listed in Han Yu Dong Ci Yong Fa Ci Dian compiledby Meng Cong in1999, we picked out verbs which are often used in front of Lai andQu, we categorize these verbs in accordance with the displacement intensity of Laiand Qu,and we conclude [+appear] and [+get]two core meanings of “V Lai”,[+leave]and [+dispear] two core meanings of “V Qu”.Secondly, we discussed characteristics of “V Lai” and “V Qu” from theirgrammatical and semantic perspectives. In grammatical,“V Lai” has four semantictypes of object, such as locative objects, agentive objects, patient objects and a fewnumerical objects, and “V Qu” mainly has locative objects and patient objects.“VLai” and “V Qu”distribute in diferent sentence-types when the verb in front of themis changed.“V La”i mainly distributes in “S+from+Location+V Lai+（Location/Le）”,“（Prep）+Location+V Lai+O”,“S+V Lai （Le/Ge）+O”,“S+Ba+O+V Lai Le”,“S+（Bei）+(S)+V Lai (Le)”,“S+(prep+Location)+V Lai (Le)+O” and “S+Ba+O+V Lai+（Le）”.“V Qu” frequently appears in “S+prep+Location+V Qu+（Le）”,“S+（Adverbial）+V Qu+Location+(VP)”,“S+(Adverbial)+V Qu（Le）+O”,“S+Ba（Jiang）+O+（Adverbial）+V Qu+（VP）+（Le）”,“S+Bei+（S）+（Adverbial）+V Qu+（VP）（Le）”,“S+Ba+O+（Adverbial）+V Qu+（Le）”.“V Lai” mainly distributes in active sentenses,while “VQu” frequently appears in passive sentences. In semantic, Lai dispays diverseattenuation degree when the combination verb with it is replaced. And “V Lai” canexpress positive mood, like hopeful or expectant. Qu manifests higher attenuationdegree than Lai. Its displacement meaning is not that strong.“V Qu” conveysnegative mood, as disappointed and pessimistic.Thirdly,we described the asymmetry of “V Lai” and “V Qu” from the aspects ofthe ability of taking objects, the distribution of sentence-types and the subjectification.Meanwhile, we analyse the reasons which contribute to their asymmetry from anglesof semanntic, distance iconicity and the perception degree to the destination.