| “A Dream of Red Mansions”,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” and “The Scholars” are vernacularnovels written in the mid-eighteenth century, in Beijing Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin and JianghuaiMandarin, which are representative works. Because they reflected the breadth of social life, from which wecan explore the northern Mandarin dialect area at the language appearance from.At present, the study of ancient Chinese vocabulary has a change from the past check andinterpretation to the systematic study of vocabulary, a new study theory and research methods and practicecontinue to expand to new areas of the ancient Chinese study. Among them, the evolution of commonwords, core words, word family vocabulary systematic study of theory and practice are important entrypoints.The three works featured rich in language, are complex and difficult to study exhaustively. Theauthor chooses the core word “heart” of the two syllables and the three syllables structure words of “heart”family as the object of study of the three works, roughly outline the use of "heart "family" in the middle ofthe eighteenth Century (later modern Chinese) in Northern Mandarin dialect area, and explore theirrelationship with the modern Chinese.The first chapter: firstly, introduced the "heart" family categories in “A Dream of Red Mansions”,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” and “The Scholars” and the "heart" word family distribution.Metaphorical cognition systems from the body experience and social experience composed the source of"heart" family " and are used very frequently in the Chinese vocabulary. Secondly, did the summary andstatistics of “A Dream of Red Mansions”,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” and “The Scholars” in the"heart" word family distribution: two syllables "heart" word family of265, including "X hear" structure of176," hear X" structure of89; the three syllable "heart" family of22words. And on this basis,distinguished the "heart" word family levels: three levels of words existed in the three vernacular novels, i.e,written and spoken word, classical Chinese and vernacular language system, the common languagecomposition and dialect languange composition.The second chapter, firstly, the vernacular component in the three works have total is the commonlanguage of Northern Mandarin dialect area at the time, and with the same dialect of modern writers comparison from the diachronic perspective revealed the basic common language vocabulary languagecomponent role--constituted the modern Han nationality common language vocabulary. Secondly, theinitial exploration of the basic rules of language in the succession of development.In the third chapter, from the diachronic angle compared similarities and differences of "heart" wordfamily between modern Chinese of “A Dream of Red Mansions”,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” and“The Scholars” and the contemporary chinese "Bell Tower and Drum Tower"," Plainclothed Policeman",Never Close Eyes","Li Zicheng" and "Emperor Kangxi", of3Northern Mandarin dialect areas, secondly,did the analysis of "heart" family " trend and variation of composition range reflects the language"development ".The third chapter: from the synchronic system comparition, taking the dialect differences as thestarting point analysed the “A Dream of Red Mansions”,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” and “TheScholars”" word family of different components. First of all, explained “A Dream of Red Mansions” ofBeijing Mandarin dialect words,“The Lamp over the Branch Road” of Zhongyuan Mandarin dialect wordsand “The Scholars” in the Jianghuai Mandarin dialect words. Secondly analysed and summarizeddifferences of the three northern Mandarin dialects.In the last stage of modern Chinese language,stage, the three northern Mandarin dialect areasvocabulary with strong consistency, laid the words basis to the common language of the Han nationality.Vocabulary is developing and changing with the “inheritance”, new vocabulary is expanding to theJianghuai Mandarin dialect area from Beijing dialect area and Zhongyuan Mandarin dialect area. |
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