Critique And Tectonic

As a universal form of human activity,Social division of labor has been the concern of many thinkers.Marx and Durkheim have respectively explored this social phenomenon.Even though many differences exist in their conclusions,there are also many similarities.Both theories of the social division labor have very important significances for future theoretical research and social reality.This paper is divided into six chapters.The first chapter summarizes the research status of Marx and Durkheim theory of social division of labor.Both studies at home and abroad are fruitful,which provides theoretical resources for new social division of labor theory. However,There are some deficiencies,Such as the theoretical analysis of a single field,which Mostly confined to the concepts of texts or the analysis of contents,and Lack of theoretical comparative study with other scholars. What is more,the combination of theoretical studies and practical is not close enough.The second chapter introduces the main contents and characteristics of the Marxist social division of labor theory.Marx believed that the social division of labor originated in the natural division of labor and exchange, and has undergone three stages of development of the primitive society, agricultural society and industrial society.From a different perspective of social division of labor can be divided into the labor division of labor and technical division of labor, the general division of labor, a special division of labor and individual division of labor, the old division of labor and a new division of labor.Division of labor promoted the development of the history of human society, and it also brings alienation.From the characteristics of the theory,Marx’s theory of the social division of labor has critical, practical and dialectical characteristics.The third chapter introduces the main contents and characteristics of Durkheim theory of social division of labor.Durkheim believes that the social division of labor is a naturally occurring.With the increase of social capacity and social density development,the social division of labor developed in the same time.There is a normal form and abnormal forms in the division of society which play its positive features and negative features in social development respectively. Durkheim’s social division of labor theory has tectonic, dialectical and practical characteristics.The fourth chapter inspects the commons or similarities between Marx’s and Durkheim’s theories of social division of labor.First of all, they had the same social background that they were both in a transition period of social transformation from a traditional society to a modern society.Secondly, they both related to the role of the social division of labor, the type of social division of labor human and social relations and other issues in the theoretical contents.Finally, their common feature is dialectic and practice.The fifth chapter analyzes the difference between Marx’s and Durkheim’s theories of social division of labor.They based on different methodological principles——history materialism and sociological idealism, and came to some different conclusions on the reason of social division of labor,difference between Alienation and abnormal forms, Means of reforming the social order and so on.In the theory of characteristics,Marx’s theory highlights more straightforward criticalness, while Durkheim showed more moderate constructiveness.The Chapter VI explores the complementarities of Marx’s and Durkheim’s theories of social division of labor,And analysis the reasons of their complementarities and significances to theoretical research and the development of social reality.