The Similarity And The Individuality Of The Construction Group "x前后/左右/上下/内外"

This paper analyse the commen construction group which means the scope inChinese by using construction grammar of cognitive linguistics.This paper regard scope as a semantic domain and discuss the types which theconstructions cope involed. This article as far as possible both combine descriptionwith explanation and combine comparison with analysis, combine the form researchwith the significance research. The main context as follows:A first，this part defines the object of study“x前后/左右/上下/内外”andintroduces the research background of this article, studies current situation andexisting differences.The second part is the research of syntax. This part include analyse the syntaxof“x前后/左右/上下/内外” construction group. Investigate both speech and thecharacteristic about the unknown variable “x”, as well as investigate the differencesof “x前后”、“x左右”、“x上下”、“x内外”. In addition, This paper try to systemlyanalyse the syntax of “x前后/左右/上下/内外”construction group, discuss thedifferences about the construction group.The third part of the paper is the research of semantics. From the sight ofsemantics, this construction means scope semantic, but it can be divided into spacescope、time scope、 quantity scope、 age scope、event scope、 personage scopeand so on.This paper analyse what meanings of scope can be signified by eachconstruction one by one. This paper still analyse those constructions which can showsthe same scope meaning, discuss their similarities and differences.In addition,this part also do some cognize analysis of the metaphor travel aboutthose speeches which can be show directions and positions in Chinese from spacescope to time scope,quantity scope,object scope and discussing why the metaphorhappened and explain the unbalanced metaphor travel among those constructions.“前后、左右、上下、内外”which is discussed in the paper belong to contrastive compoundwords, while the constructions of “x前后/左右/上下/内外”can shows some otherscopes besides space scope, for example:time,quantity, age,person, event and soon.But each construction can indicate the semantics of scope which have subtledifferences.The forth part main investigate the evolution about the construction of “x/前后左 右/上下/内外”. Through investigation found that the“前后、左右、上下、内外“for usecan be traced back to the pre-qin period,but the structure type of period is notconsistent. And each structure type is represented by the scope of the category and thehistory of time is different, and the path of the metaphor is not completely consistent.