The Study Of Zhanmi Speech Of Pingshan Town,Shenzhen City

Shenzhen has very rich language resources. But study of language resources in Shenzhen is very underdeveloped compared with the surrounding towns. The reason is that the people underestimate the complexity of dialects of Shenzhen. In addition to the Bao’an Cantonese, Longgang Hakka dialect, Shenzhen also has many dialects, such as Dapeng speech, Zhanmi speech, Danjia speech. This time we went to Pingshan, Kengzi and Pingdi in Longgang District with curiosity, and investigated the vanishing local Zhanmi speech.Zhanmi speech, also known as "ancestral dialect" in Pingshan. The reason is the people who speak paid great attention to the protection of their own speech, and people who don’t speak Zhanmi speech can’t have dinner with clansmen in the worship of ancestors. In fact, the Hakka dialect occupies the absolute advantage in the Longgang, and only a very few people can speak Zhanmi speech. Due to the absence or flaws of heirs, this speech is rapidly disappearing.Pronunciations of voiced onsets are devoiced to aspirated, Middle Chinese Xi(M) onset pronounced [kh], Xia (匣) are mostly [f]. Rimes lack rounded vowels, Shang tone are not split, which is similar to the Hakka dialect there. The Middle Chinese Wei (微) and Ming (明) onsets are pronounced the same. Less colloquial/literal pairs are found in the Fei (非) group, and contrasts of [a、 e] exists. Both colloquial and literal readings of the Geng rime III/IV have η\k] as coda. These are all typical of a Yue dialect. The tonal characteristics all lie between Yue and Hakka. The tone value of the Ping and Qu are identical to Hakka, while Shang and Ru are typical of Yue. For the vocabulary, the Zhanmi speech has many words sharing with Hakka in common.Our study dosen’t hurry to prove that whether it belongs to either Hakka dialect or Cantonese. We are more interested in the origin of this mixed language.We compared Zhanmi speech from Guangzhou dialect, Weitou and Hakka dialect in New Territories of Hongkong. The preliminary conclusion is that Zhanmi speech is most similar to Baoan local Cantonese (Weitou dialect). The Hakka dialect still outputs the phonetic features to Zhanmi speech owing to their long-term contact. Zhanmi speech shows a trend of continuously approaching to Hakka dialect in vocabularyy Therefore, we think, Zhanmi speech in Pingshan, Shenzhen City, is a special dialect based on Cantonese and had been deeply affected by the characteristics of Hakka dialect in their long-term contacts.This paper consists of6chapters:Chapter I is the introduction, and introduces the geographical environment, historical evolution and the local dialect condition in Pingshan, Shenzhen.Chapter II gives a detailed description of onset, rime, tone of Zhanmi speech of Pingshan and their matching relationship by our first-hand material.Chapter III is the comparison between mid-ancient phonetic system of Zhanmi speech of Pingshan. We try to grasp the general trend of its develop pment by reveling the corresponding relationship between Zhanmi speech of Pingshan and Guangyun, which represents the mid-ancient system.Chapter IV is the external comparison of pronunciation. We compared Zhanmi speech to Guangdong dialect, such as Guangzhou dialect, Weitou dialect and old Hakka dialect in New Territories, Hongkong. Our conclusion is that the phonetic system of Zhanmi speech is most similar to the GuanBao Cantonese whose representative dialect is Weitou dialect of Shibi in New Territories.Chapter V introduces vocabulary of Zhanmi speech of Pingshan. Firstly we introduced the features of vocabulary of Zhanmi speech according to the order of the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs and measure words.We compared the core vocabulary of Zhanmi speech to Hakka and Weitou dialect of Shibi and in New Territories, Hongkong using the200word decided by Swadesh. The conclusion is that basic vocabulary of Zhanmi speech has been closer to Hakka dialect in Shenzhen through the transfer of the use.Chapter VI is a summary of the full text.