Comparin’g And Researching With Marx’s And Rousseau’s Oirgin Of The State

The thinking of the origin of the state is a very important fundamental problem inthe theory of nation. Western thought about the origin of the state can be traced back toancient Greek and Roman times. Later, in modern times, many philosophers haveconducted deep studies on this issue. Sophists Protagoras Glasgow is the first one to putforward the point of view that the origin of the state from the social contract. Thesystematic theory of the origin of the state, in the true sense, was since Hobbes andLocke. It is Rousseau who officially perfected the explanation of the social contracttheory of the origin of the state, based on the critique and development of thepredecessors, especially the thought of Hobbes and Locke’s theory of the origin of thestate. Rousseau departures from the natural state theory, by expounding the theory ofnatural state, put forward that the establishment of nation is the result of the process thathuman beings transit from the natural state to the social state. Rousseau considered thathuman enter the social state for the need of self-preservation and self-perfection. Whileunder the social state, it appeared new relationship of benefit, then there arecontradictions and conflicts between people. Just for solving those contradictions andconflicts, Rousseau proposed that people may completely transfer their rights to keepthe contract and to form the collection of the public will, to establish the community ofthe moral and collective-state. The theory of Marx’s origin of the state based onhistorical materialism and the deep research of the historical reality of the origin of thestate. The formation process of the theory of Marx’s origin of the state unified with theformation process of Marxist materialism. The theory of Marx’s origin of the stateexperienced budding stage, the basic formation stage and rethink stage. In the formationprocess of the theory of Marx’s origin of the state, the important concept of HistoricalMaterialism such as benefit, class, private ownership etc has been clearly gradually. Bycomparing Marx’s and Rousseau’s theory of the origin of the state, we may know thereare some similarities with Marx’s and Rousseau’s theory of the origin of the state. Thesimilarities are that they consider different levels of importance to the economic factorsin the origin of the state and they know the importance of human-factors in the origin ofthe state. The differences are that they have different theoretical basis, ideologicalmotivation and different ideals. We draw the conclusion that Rousseau’s theory is basedon abstract theory of human nature, seeking to establish country of contract. Comparedwith former theories of the origin of the state, no matter from the theoretical point ofview or the realistic point of view, it has a definite progress. While the limitations of thetheory of the origin of the state which proposed by Rousseau as a Eternal national viewjust reflected in this. The starting point of Marx is in the care for the people, thinkingover the social foundation of the origin of the state, criticizing the social reality of capitalist countries, putting out that the origin and development of the state is historic,and putting forward the ideal blueprint for future society-the combination of freepeople. Everybody will be free and overall development. Therefore, comparedRousseau’s theory which use contract to explain the origin of state, Marx’s theory ofthe origin of the state which based on historical materialism realized significancebeyond both historic and practical.