Words Orientation "Shan Hai Jing.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is an important literature in ancient times.lt mainly records the distribution of mountains, the shape of rivers, the geographical position of country etc.in the book, which uses a large number of locative words on expression of space category. But more existing research select some part of the case in the book, the lack of a comprehensive systematic study of locative words of the whole book. So choosing locative words of The Classic of Mountains and Seas as the research object, carries on exhaustive investigation, doing the synchronic and diachronic comparison andcognitive analysis, to show the value of the Classic of Mountains and Seas locative words in locative words development.The article is divided into four parts.The introduction part mainly explains the research work, the content of the selected topic significance, the content of The Classic of Mountains and Seas, study of dibon and research methods.The second part starts with define of locative words. Doing exhaustive statistics, observing the full picture of The Classic of Mountains and Seas locative words system by static description from two aspects of semantic and grammatical functions.The third part compares The Classic of Mountains and Seas with geographical nature of literature in the history,for example "Shang Shu· Yu Gong","Biography of the Son of the Heaven Mu","Huai Nan Zi· Di Xing Xun" to analysis characteristics of the The Classic of Mountains and Seas locative words.The fourth part carrrys on cognitive analysis of The Classic of Mountains and Seas locative words.Through the study shows that The Classic of Mountains and Seas has a lot of locative words and the semantics is given priority to space meaning.Locative words can act as more flexible grammatical components and mainly as adverbial. Match the parts of speech is more, the collocation of nouns with range is expanded.The lack of metaphor meaning of rank or status, can be used as the book has obvious geographical nature of the evidence. Rich meaning, point to semantic generalization trend. Semantic has self-sufficiency, mostly act as the adverbial alone, but also use prepositions to dielectric guide the direction of the use cases, as adverbial preposition structure is complementary with the change of expression. Locative words applications in pairs has the asymmetry and the imbalance. From the perspectives of cognitive The Classic of Mountains and Seas locative words, in the spatial reference position, the narrator on the selection of locative words related to the expression of space scope width, the possibility of human to identify the direction, with its own related symmetry and things.The choice of reference will have certainty and has intellectual, avoiding communication errors.Information recipients according to their own knowledge to interpret information, the understanding of information is subjective.