On Zhang Heng Transcendent Independence

As an eminent scientist, thinker, and writer in middle period of Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng has the remarkable status in the Han Dynasty and even in the whole history of China. Hou Han Shu ZhangHeng Biography written by Fan Ye appreciates ZhangHeng as "De Cheng Er Shang,Yi Cheng Er Xia",meaning that His virtue and ability are perfect. This dissertation is a more comprehensive research on ZhangHeng to show that ZhangHeng’s unique temperament—"Distinctive and Independent" He did not leave the society, but is out of the ordinary. And in the literature, action, thought these three aspects, he seemed out of the ordinary.The dissertation consists of three chapters including the Introduction part.The first chapter discusses Zhang Heng’s political consciousness, the political consciousness is a high degree of calm. Zhang Heng is a man of integrity and uprightness, not to make power. Zhang Heng’s family background, education and other factors, make Zhang Heng whether people or for the government with a high degree of calm. He looked with prospective. He advocated no "ChenYu" that is a prophecy believed to have been fulfilled, and "DaoDeQiLi" in the county. This reflects his calm and keen insight. Zhang Heng is trying to save the country. His measures is gentle and effective. His idea is a remedy for Li Gu.The second chapter discusses Zhang Heng’s poetry, his art world is integrity and independent. From the spatial perspective, Zhang Heng’s literary works especially Fu, covers a number of levels,"ErJingFu" depicts the capital,"NanDuFu" depicts the city,"GuiTanFu" depicts the town, and "WenQuanFu" depicts the Natural scenery. The change of location reflects the change of his political ideal, and coordinate with the pursuit of his life. From the time point of view, Zhang Heng followed Yang Xiong, developmented the metaphysics,and effected the future generations. Zhang Heng’s "art world" is integrity and independent. No comparable in the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty literary history, Zhang Heng played a key role.The third chapter discusses Zhang Heng’s idea. Throughing the analysis of Zhang Heng’s works and his life, we see a thinker. From the ideological point of view, Zhang Heng can be called "DaYin", away from the hustle and bustle, but caring state. Future generations of Su Shi, Ou Yangxiu, Fan Zhongyan and other literati like Tao Yuanming’s poem. They also like the life of a hermit. But Zhang Heng is their prototype. They have more in common. Secondly, Zhang Heng was the first writer served as chief executive of the combined counties, he inadvertently mixed together literature and the "state", inspired future generations.