A Research On The Censor In Jin Dynasty

The supervisory Censor of ancient China which originated from the Pre-qin periodand experienced long pioneer days from Qin and Han to Sui dynasty, officiallyformed during the year of Kaihuang in Sui dynasty. The supervisory Censor becamemature after development of Tang and Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan were the alienationstage of it. Furthermore, it reached the peak period from Ming to the mid Tsingdynasty.Finally, it gradually died out along with the decline of Qing dynasty. Jin’ssupervisory censor which had also undergone the process of germination, formation,developing and decline, was in the transition stage before its peak time. It had thebroad scope in the aspects of supervisory officials, patrol counties, correct the jailtime, which placed a significant role in politics, economy and culture. This paperbased on the predecessors research, conducted a detailed research on three aspects ofsupervisory censor, including the evolution of officials, native and career, functions.Therefore, this article could be divided into three parts:The first chapter mainly investigated the evolution of the Jin’s supervisorycensor officials. Firstly, this paper examined development of supervisory officialsbefore Jin dynasty, and it concluded Jin’s supervisory censor was in the alienationstage in the ancient Chinese supervisory censor and its historical position wasirreplaceable. Secondly, this paper investigated the formation background,establishment time and the historical evolution of Jin’s supervisory censor officials. Itshowed that Jin’s supervisory censor emerged along with the Times. On the basis ofabsorbing the former systems, combined with the customs from Jin nvzhen, Jin’ssupervisory censor finally formed in the year of Huangtong of Sizong. Afterundergoing development of Hailing and Shizong, Jin’s supervisory censor reached thepeak time in the aspects of organization system and functional authority tillZhangzong period. Jin’s political situation stepped into decline with succession ofWeizhaowang. Consequently, Jin’s supervisory censor disappeared in the historicalstage with the perish of Jin dynasty. The second chapter discussed the native place and career of Jjin’s supervisorycensor. Through analyzing development of regional economy and culture, we couldsummarize the distribution characteristics of native places of Jin’s supervisory censors.Through the analysis of routines of censors’ career, it is concluded that imperialexaminations gave priority to Jin’s supervisory censor, supplemented by hereditaryand recruitment. From the analysis of the officials of engaging in politics, we couldsee Jin’s supervisory censors more worked in local places and were transactionalofficials in a great number, such as,Zhubu,Xiancheng and Xianling. From theresearch of Jin’s supervisory censors’ functional transition, we could see itsappointments, rewards and punishments.The third chapter discussed the responsibilities of Jin’s supervisory censors.Through the analysis of their practical activities, we could know their responsibilitiescould be divided into four categories: supervising the illegal activities; impeachingofficials; participating in the management of State affairs; supervision and inspections;participating military affairs. However, it mainly played the role of supervisingactivities and impeaching officials in the early time, and then it paid attention toparticipate in the management of State and military affairs and to submit a writtenstatement to a higher authority in its late time. However, supervising and inspectingboth worked all the time, during its early time and late time, it paid more attention tothe inspection of Menganmouke and counties separately.In a word, Jin’s supervisory censor emerged in the year of Huangtong of Xizong,and it had been active in the political arena and ensured the development of Jin’spolitics, economy and culture.