Official Performance Appraisal Under Supervisory System In The Ming Dynasty

At the beginning of the Ming dynasty,the emperor attached great importance to management of officials,and established a set of unprecedented rigorous officials appraisal system.At the same time,supervisory system also arised from central party to local party.The completed each other and established official management system.Besides,they played an important role to rectify bureaucracy,punish corruption and motivate officials.In short,through a detailed study of the performance appraisal and of officials in the Ming dynasty,we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between them,and a deeper understanding of the political system in the Ming dynasty.It sets up a set of supervision system from central to local,with independence and coordination.And there are lots of censors in every departments.Besides,the law determines the corresponding functions and powers of each institution layer upon layer,and it is well organised.The impact on the entire political cans be imagined.For the performance appraisal system,it is divided into two systems:examination and inspection.The examination focus on investigating and the inspection focus on punishing the mistakes of officials.The official appraisal mainly shall be the responsibility according to the functions and powers of the official department and court of censors.Although the main department was the ministry of civil affairs,it was one of the characteristics of the evaluation system of officials in the Ming dynasty.Then supervisory was more important in later period.In the Ming dynasty,censors could be seen everywhere,and they played an important role in the whole examination system,especially in the process of local officials.It is one of the major features that multiple subjects participate in the examination of officials,and the examination of some officials is reviewed,supervised and promoted at multiple levels,so as to ensure the fair and efficient process of the examination.Comprehensive and rich assessment content assesses officials from many aspects,and personal rise and fall link to the assessment results that ensures the results of the assessment of substantive application.After that,the purpose of the assessment can be achieved.It can be said that the supervision system and the performance appraisal system complete each other and jointly supervise whether officials perform their duties and fulfill their responsibilities.Compared with the inspection system,it is more closely combined with the supervision system,and the supervision department plays a leading role in the whole inspection system.Whether in Beijing or local area,the supervisory department participate in it all the way.For the different region and officials,Ming dynasty set up a strict inspection standards and norms with different content and procedures.As for the inspection tour,it is presided over by the inspector,which determines the result of the whole inspection tour.It can be said that the supervision system runs through the whole inspection system and plays a decisive role in discovering problems of official work.At present,China is in the deep water of reform,and the comprehensive reform has been pushed forward step by step.In the context of national reform of institution,the supervisory commission has emerged at the historic moment,and the reform of the civil servant assessment system is also imminent.Through the study on the performance appraisal system for officials under the supervision system of the Ming dynasty,some experience is summed up for the reform.First,improve the internal operation mechanism.Second,the supervision commission should supervise the assessment of officials at the same level,check the omissions and establish the exchange,communication and cooperation mechanism between them.Third,the internal reflection of the civil servant assessment system should be carried out to clarify the post responsibilities of the staff,and the public assessment should be conducted in different levels and classifications,and the assessment results should be fully used to ensure the actual effect,so as to accelerate the construction of system innovation and realize new development.