Research On American Highly Skilled Migration

After World War II, American society is in the post-industrial period of social transformation, the rising of high-tech industries opened up the gap on the U.S. labor market’s demand for skilled migrants. In order to choose more favorable immigrants, the United States has adjusted immigrants acts several times after1965, which have higher requirements of immigrants’technical skills. United States has also established Hl-B visa law for the professionals and technical personnels’short-term working in the U.S. It is to solve the manpower shortage problem of the rapid development of the information technology industry. India and China have a large number of professionals and highly educated workers. They are two important origin countries of technology migrants of America. Why India and China’s skilled migrants move to the U.S? It is not only owing to the United States’unilateral appealing, but also can be attributed to India and China’s domestic reasons which push talented people going to developed countries.This thesis reviews the several waves of India and China’s migration to the U.S. and analyzes the structural characteristics of India and china’s skilled migrants, including age structure, education and technical composition, income level, occupation and geographic distribution. It also sums up the positive influences of these two groups of skilled migrants that brought to the American society.According to the flowing trends of skilled immigrants, we can divide it into two types----brain drains and brain circulations. There are some foreign scholars who believed that skilled immigrants of India and China have made a significant contribution to their motherlands both on economic and diplomatic aspects, so the skilled migration flowings among these two countries can be classified as brain circulations. In fact, the numbers of skilled migration outing of India and China is still several times at the numbers of the returning, it is still very far away from the concept of brain circulation. The skilled migration of the two countries remains a brain drain. But the government of India and China can attract skilled emigrants through the guiding policy.This thesis studied that the background, status and influence of India and China’s skilled immigrants moving to the U.S. after1965. It also focused on whether the skilled migrants in the two countries is brain drains or brain circulations. It is aimed at having a correct understanding of the issue of skilled migration flowings, while making recommendations for developing countries about how to attract talents’returning by formulating policies.