| During the process of institutional reform the importance of developinghigh-level sport teams in universities has been recognized gradually, and in1987the State Education Commission issued the Notice on Recruitment of SomeTalented Athletes in Universities.51colleges and universities were allowed toenroll talented athletes and set up high-level sports teams nationwide, whichundoubtedly made contributions to the development of the national competitivesports.With a possession of over100-year history, American competitive sports inuniversities have developed from the initial spontaneous physical activities to aquite sophisticated organization and management system. Well known as theassociation of managing and organizing sports, the National Collegiate AthleticAssociation plays a significant role in the development of American competitivesports. Its development in universities has made sound progress, which isclosely related to the comprehensive and perfect management mode.The study adopts documentary analysis, and comparative study, logicalanalysis to compare the profound differences in the managing method ofhigh-level athletes of the sports teams between China and American universities.According to the comparative study, we’ve drawn the following conclusions:1. U.S. university sports teams always adhere to the managementphilosophy of the Combination, the sports and education together, which isclosely related to competitive sports system and education system; the NCAA isthe highest authority in the management of high level sports teams, through theestablishment of committees at all levels of sports teams, a clear institutionalsettings, to more clearly define; Students Sports Union is the institutionresponsible for the management of high-level sports team competition, in anorderly manner through the management of the alliance making contest;stringent entrance qualification, learning firsta cultural education management,training, scientific training methods and various forms of competition type andthe contractual trainer appointment system, etc., these significant feature of themanagement model of the U.S. university sports teams.2. Chinese Universities Combination management model has20years ofhistory, but due to the impact of the national competitive sports system andeducation system, the Combination has been difficult. China’s management of high-level sports teams, the highest authority is the Ministry of Education, theState Sports General Administration and the Ministry of Civil Affairs,administrative centralization, while Collegiate Athletic Association is located inthe second layer, lack of self-management in the management of UniversityAthletic Teams; high-level sports teams enrollment in colleges and universitieshas a certain right to self-enrollment, eligibility management focuses on recruitand athletic ability of students, reduce the cultural quality of the establishmentof a unified enrollment eligibility management agencies; backward technologytraining, training extensive mode and single type of competition, a small numberof coaches tenure of employment form, all aspects of the management model arerestricting China’s university sports teams competitive level of the key.3.The mode of managing top-level sports teams between Chinese andAmerican universities are quite different from each other, at the same time canbe complemented by each other. The development of competitive sports inAmerican universities enjoys a prosperous and virtuous cycle of development,which benefits from its favorable political, economic, and cultural and physicaleducation institutions. The mode of management fits for its development ofcompetitive sports in colleges and universities, which isn’t totally suitable forthe counterpart of China. Based on our national conditions and thecharacteristics of sports management, Chinese colleges and universities shouldlearn from America, adopting its essence and discard its dross, thus furtherimproving the management mode of sports teams in Chinese university. |
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