Comparative Study On Chinese And Foreign Outstanding Scientists With Administrative Position

Administrative position is becoming an increasing important factor, which impacts on developments of the scientists. Research on current situation, reasons, development state and social impacts of administrative position of outstanding scientists is not only a theoretic topic of scientific system sociology, but also an important practical problem of exploring scientific and technological progresses and countermeasures in China. This paper focused on administrative position of outstanding scientists and strove to investigate this problem fully and meticulously, through theory study and empirical analysis. Then, a number of policy suggestions that can be used to improve and regulate administrative position of outstanding scientists were proposed. In this way, the author wishes the public and decision-making section of the country could deepen understanding of administrative position of outstanding scientists. It can also be used as data reference for decision-making section. Specifically, this paper investigated administrative position of outstanding scientists from five aspects.In the first, interrelated theories about administrative position of outstanding scientists collected by foreign sociology scholars were sorted out in this paper, mainly about social identity shift and professional development of scientists, as well as some other researches about social and political functions of these scientists; at the same time, this paper summarized social identity shift, growing rules of science-technology talents, professionalization of the scientists and some other problems, which established a theory frame and foundation for the whole paper.Secondly, concepts of outstanding scientists and administrative position were analyzed, which defined research scope of this paper. In addition, administrative positions of outstanding scientists were divided systematically in this paper.Thirdly, this paper described general situation of scientists’ position, Nobel laureates and academicians of CAS were chose as typical samples. Statistics about position situations of these two outstanding scientist groups were carried out. In addition, differences between Chinese and foreign scientists in aspects of post time, post level, post type, post mobility were summarized and analyzed meticulously.Then, based on deep analysis on differences between Chinese and foreign scientists, this paper further analyzed reasons for these differences. Differences are mainly caused by three aspects, organizational system of science, professional development path, socio-cultural background, and scientist themselves. Then, effects of administrative position of outstanding scientists on scientific enterprise, society and scientists themselves were further analyzed.Finally, based on the research results above, a number of policy suggestions that can be used to improve and regulate administrative position of outstanding scientists were proposed. Management experiences borrowed from developed countries are good theoretical basis and reference for improving and completing administrative position of outstanding scientists; Reform and improvement of science-technology management system is system guarantee for regulating administrative position of the scientists; Elimination of negative effects of Chinese traditional culture is social-support to improve administrative position of outstanding scientists; Improvement of endorsement mechanism of outstanding scientists is institutional guarantee for improving administrative position of outstanding scientists.