The Study On Settlement System Based On Spatial Information Technology

Settlement is a general term for a variety of human settlements. Thespatial distribution of the settlement is directly in relation to the natural conditions,economic conditions and social conditions. The settlement system is a complex systemand the development of remote sensing technology provides an advanced mean to theresearch of it. The study has a certain practical significance to the new ruralconstruction in progress, and also, knows well about the spatial and temporaldistribution characteristic of settlement may have important significance for thedevelopment of the region, as well as optimize the layout of the settlement.In this paper, the following contents are discussed:Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the settlement components on theIKONOS image, discovers the knowledge of their spectral characteristics, texturecharacteristics, shape characteristics as well as the space configuration knowledge. Andbuild the knowledge base to choose the typical characteristics of the settlements to buildthe extraction model for every component. Then it is polymerized the components to asettlement unit. Take the Chuanshan of Suining City as a case to validate the extractionmethod. It is proved that the accuracy of the results can reach more than88%and themethod is feasible.Secondly, combine with the topographic data, the road and river data and thedistance to the town to analysis the spatial distribution of settlement using the terrainniche index, distribution index and landscape pattern index. The results show that thesettlement of the study area are mostly distributed in the low terrain niche index areasand located in the area which is close to the water and has convenient transportation.Then choose the natural factors, economic conditions and social factors to build theevaluation system, using analytic hierarchy process, combined with the spatial analysis of GIS to analyze the rural settlements’ comprehensive development strength of thestudy area. According to the evaluation result, the study area is divided into three levelsinclude high development strength level, medium development strength level and lowdevelopment strength level. There are69.95%areas of the rural settlements which are inthe level of high development strength.At last, based on the result, take full account of the actual situation and thedevelopment trend of the study area, give some suggestions on the layout optimizationand present four optimization patterns which are relocating between different places,urbanization, internal transforming and prior developing. It can provide some referencesto the layout optimization of the rural settlement.