Spatial Characteristics And Driving Forces Of Settlement In Xilingol Pastoral Area

As the carrier of human production and life,"settlement" is rooted in the local natural geographical environment and social culture,and is an eternal topic in the field of geography and related subjects.In recent years,the gap between urban and rural areas in China has gradually widened due to the subtle influence of the concept of heavy city and light rural areas.As the special existence form of rural China,pastoral area is based on the vast grassland mostly,in the form of grazing to manage animal husbandry.The vast pastoral area has the less amount of settlements that distribute scatteredly in grass land,ecological environment is fragile and economic foundation is weak at the same time.In 2011,the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to increase the infrastructure construction,livestock structure adjustment and industrial transformation and upgrading of pastoral area,to improve the living conditions of herdsmen.In the context of national strategy,to improve the herdsmen living environment and to strengthen the construction of infrastructure,becomes one of the urgent problem to be solved,while settlement space characteristic,the evolution law and its driving force analysis are the foundation work,so about the study of settlement space characteristic and evolution law of pastoral area has become a hotspot in research of Chinese geographical science and related disciplines.This research is beneficial to the layout adjustment and optimization of the settlement space in pastoral area,and it is helpful to accelerate the construction of beautiful countryside.Aiming at the research and the importance of research purpose,this paper research content mainly includes three aspects: Firstly,the analysis of settlement spatial structure and morphological feature in Xilingol pastoral area.Secondly,the analysis of settlement spatial-temporal evolution characteristic in Xilingol pastoral area.Thirdly,the analysis of the main driving force to settlement spatial evolution characteristic in Xilingol pastoral area.Based on Xilingol pastoral area,the research object,of Inner Mongolia,this paper based on settlement patch vector data,river vector data,road vector data,administrative station vector data and the social and economic statistical data of 1990,2000,2010 and 2016,using the model of settlement centricity,fractal dimension,accessibility,factor analysis and regression analysis,etc,to analyze settlement spatial structure,spatial form and spatial evolution characteristic on the macro and micro aspects in Xilingol pastoral area between 1990 and 2016,further building the main driving factors of settlement development and change.The main conclusions are: Firstly,the settlement spatial structure and morphological fractal feature are remarkable in Xilingol pastoral area.On the macro level,the aggregation dimension,spatial correlation dimension and morphological dimension decrease with time,indicating that the spatial structure of the study area tends to be optimized and fractal features tend to be stable.On the micro level,the spatial correlation of each county gradually strengthens and with the time,regional diversity gradually decreases,but due to the difference of artificial factor,economic development and the geographical conditions,transportation accessibility has been relatively poor in the northeast part of the East Ujimqin Banner and Xianghuang Banner;Each county's settlement is also obviously different,at the different time period,the variation tendency of each county is not identical,this is due to factors of the geographical condition,economic condition and the development degree of each county.Secondly,the settlement spatial evolution characteristic in Xilingol pastoral area is mutually influenced by the various complex factors,and summing up mainly by natural factors(the terrain(height,slope),river),location factors(road and administrative station)and the social economy,etc.From 1990 to 2016,with the increase of altitude,there are fewer and fewer settlement patches,which show a gradual decline trend.Settlements in the study area are mainly concentrated on the ?(838-1057)elevation level and the ?(0 to 3 °)slope grade range,the area is suitable for people to choose living location conditions.As a whole,the farther the river is,the less the settlement is,shows the gradually decreasing trend.From 1990 to 2016,the settlement distributed mainly within 3000 m of the river,and the distribution of settlement patches are relatively most within 1000 m,settlement patches are relatively less far from 6000 m.As time goes on,the closer the area to the traffic line is,the greater the number of settlement patches are and the larger the patches areas are.with the speeding up of the modernization process,transportation line construction is more and more perfect,at the same time,people's living standard is improved,makes people choose residence by considering area,both sides the path,which is more convenient,and the area shows the aggregation distribution pattern.The distribution mode of the settlement in the study area is extended to the periphery by the center(town and the government station)and presents a certain circle structure.With the increase of buffer distance,the size of patch area has shrunk,it shows that policy of ‘The villages are consolidated into a town',the trend of urbanization,people tends to live in center location(government station),the remote settlement is gradually decreased.However,due to the Vast and sparsely populated Xilingol pastoral area,the animal husbandry as the pillar industry,and the implementation of the government's policy of ‘confirming rights to the household',the settlement distribution is still relatively scattered.From 1990 to 2016,the main socioeconomic factors of the settlement development in Xilingol pastoral area include the production and living standard,the urbanization level and the economic development,meantime,the production and living standard is relatively dominant.