Research On The Operating Efficiency Of Policy-oriented Agriculture Insurance

Agriculture, as the foundation of the national economy industry, explores feeble during its development and is particularity of the production process:it should face up to the natural risk, technology risk, and market risk as well. Super small agricultural production reduces risk management ability, with the dispersion from family unit. A problem which is called " many years to become rich, an evil uses up money" comes to be prominent; In recent years, natural calamities have been frequent, which low market price of agricultural products with large variation and expand agricultural risk, the rise and drop increase demand of management about agricultural risk. Widespread agricultural risk requires a system arrangement to reduce the uncertainty of agricultural production. Farmers have strong desire for agricultural insurance, so that agricultural insurance arose to become true. Agricultural insurance is used to safeguard the agricultural production and keep it stable. Traditional ones in China had a small scale, point only to planting crops and breeding animals. By taking off necessary amount of agricultural products and redistribution to concentrate or disperse agricultural risk effectively, and promote the development of agricultural productivity finally.The agricultural insurance, is one of the three major policy measures, which the governments used to support and stabilize agricultural production around the world. Insurance is a stabilizer of agricultural management. In China, natural disaster occurs frequently, insurance is essential to support agricultural production. However, because of the congenital defects of commercial agriculture insurance, namely the agricultural insurance "market failure". Both demand and supply are seriously insufficient, thus can’t meet the need of agricultural production in China. Therefore, we should establish and improve the policy-based agriculture insurance, and guarantee the stability of the agricultural production.The central committee of the communist party pay more attention to the rural work. New socialist rural construction requires innovation of rural risk management. WTO "green box" policy allows the agricultural insurance guarantee the stability of the farmers’income, back-feeds agriculture and rural areas, and promotes harmonious development between city and countryside. The agricultural insurance as a safeguard way,is universally conducted by lots of countries. In agricultural risk guarantee system, insurance is the important content. Chinese agricultural insurance has a long development history, but winding process. In recent years, especially since2004, experimental units of political agriculture insurance have had achievements, under the efforts of the CIRC and other relevant departments. What’s more,the policy-based agriculture insurance pilot job making headway, agricultural insurance coverage continues to expand, the government support is increasing continuously, agricultural insurance service the economic social development ability to continuously improve. Although the development of agricultural insurance has made positive effect, but the policy-based agriculture insurance pilot just started, experience data accumulation deficiency, the regions differences, there are already several kinds of organization of mode has its own advantages and disadvantages. Considering our country rural production conditions and system of the complexity of the transformation, and give full play to the initiative of all, creative, pays special attention to the pilot, boost step by step in building the central guidance and support policy, and on the basis of points area, stages, take different forms, and gradually establish the policy-based agriculture insurance in the exploration of the institutional framework, is a more realistic choice.Paper theoretically on the agricultural insurance the policy-based agriculture insurance in general, and the particularity of the policy-based agriculture insurance in the operation mechanism is analyzed, especially analyzes the government in the role of the agricultural insurance supply, the conclusion of the agricultural insurance is not only conforms to the general insurance basic principle, again there is a special properties. The particularity of the agricultural insurance embodied in it is a kind of quasi-public products. In the absence of the function of government, under the condition of pure depending on market mechanism, agricultural insurance is difficult to achieve the balance of supply and demand. For agricultural insurance operation efficiency of the investigation is also hard to through the simple quantitative analysis, still need to be combined with security, compensatory, participation and coverage qualitative factors such as overall analysis, so as to study the policy-based agriculture insurance in the operation efficiency and to provide the theoretical basis for support.Paper and review the development of China’s agricultural insurance situation, the paper analyzes the policy-based agriculture insurance in the2004years since the pilot agricultural province of the development of the insurance policy.2004years later, China’s provinces the policy-based agriculture insurance in the pilot exploration, mainly formed the Shanghai Anxin, Heilongjiang province of Jilin Anhui each other, sunshine, Xinjiang construction group the joint, Zhejiang crimes on the five body typical models. These five pattern similarities reflects in:the local government leading to promote the development of agricultural insurance policy, give attention to both the market and administrative measures to carry out insurance scale expansion, take effective measures to prevent and dispersive risk and practice "with insurance raise risks" and so on, these system design effectively promote the pilot work development. In April,2007, the central government took out1billion yuan, in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Hunan six provinces, the policy-based agriculture insurance premium subsidies pilot.2008years later, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei province, Heilongjiang province agricultural province also join ranks pilot, comparative analysis, the thesis elected ten provinces is representative of the agricultural insurance is efficiency evaluation, found that their economic development level and the policy-based agriculture insurance in the foundation of the conditions of the open limit, ten provinces in the regional features, main body, the insurance object, organization of safeguard way and efforts, the government the support strength, penetrating effect of different. The development model of exploration practice revelation we, financial allowance is strong, farmers participate in positive, permeability effect is widely, whether the support ability of whether reasonable is influence is the policy-based agriculture insurance in the efficiency of important factor. For ten typical areas to develop agricultural insurance operation modes etc hierarchical analysis, get revelation, because agriculture risk status and economic strength difference, each district agricultural insurance business models are different, mainly in the government financial subsidies, and the local farmers efforts the ginseng of enthusiasm, agricultural insurance penetration of degrees, and support capacity and disaster prevention level on the gap, but on the whole must adhere to promote the government to give priority to. On this basis, through the method of ahp sort efficiency evaluation, and concludes that the agricultural insurance risk safeguard ability is agricultural insurance operation efficiency of the main factors, and the comprehensive appraisal of the10papers pilot provinces of the policy-based agriculture insurance in efficiency, summed up the present agricultural insurance development the prominent questions which exist in the promotion of agricultural insurance for the future and the improvement of the agricultural insurance pilot province to provide some bases.In addition, the paper put forward in the research conclusion about improving the policy-based agriculture insurance in the efficiency of the relevant measures, including perfecting the policy-based agriculture insurance in legislative, establish the risk management institution, sound financial subsidies and strength, the setting up of the security level of catastrophe insurance fund and perfect the reinsurance system, etc.