Study On The Initial Allocation Of Carbon Emission Permits In The Construction Of Carbon Market

With global warming bringing catastrophe more and more frequently, reducing greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide emission, has become a common pursuit of all countries of the world, and trying to find a positive and effective way of reducing carbon emissions achieves a minimum of economic costs of emission reductions for maximum social and economic effects. Among which carbon market has been more widespread global recognition and effective use on carbon emission control targets. As the world’s largest developing country and the big emitters, the extent of efforts to carbon reduction emissions of China is bound to affect the global carbon emissions. So it is particularly important to carry out research of carbon emissions in China, and carbon emissions responsibility sharing is the core and the most critical issue of the research.So on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the carbon emissions estimation at home and abroad, the allocation principles and main distribution model and quantifying the status quo of China’s carbon emissions, this paper explores China’s carbon emissions initial allocation methods. From a top-down perspective, two levels of carbon emission rights allocation system based on region and oriented regional carbon market are established, which study China’s carbon emissions initial research allocation and make a clear direction for the construction of a unified carbon market of China in the future.First, the current carbon dioxide emissions situation and emission intensity control target are analyzed and estimated. Based on energy consumption statistics from 1997 to 2011 from the total carbon dioxide emissions, per capita carbon emissions and carbon intensity, we analyze carbon emissions change trends of nation, province and the three regions of east-central-west according to economic belt division. The use of K-means clustering estimates the situation of China’s regional carbon emissions. Then based on carbon intensity reduction targets proposed, we measure carbon dioxide reduction emissions to achieve the control targets. Thus we propose two levels of carbon emission rights allocation system based on region and intra-region, and assign national reduction targets to the regions and enterprises, jointly done by both.Second, the regional carbon emission rights allocation model based on equity is studied from the theoretical and empirical research. Theoretical research: Choose the evaluation parameters of fairness which impact on carbon dioxide emissions and analyze these parameters to how to affect the fairness of the allocation. Empirical research: In the selected evaluation parameters we use the Gini coefficient to make a fair analysis of the status quo of China’s 30 regional carbon emissions. Based on the analysis results in three given scenarios the minimal objective function on carbon emission distribution scheme which included the Gini coefficient value of each evaluation parameters is established. The results show that: Eastern cities are the key reduction emission objects whose carbon intensity reduction rate is over 50%, while in the middle and western region reduction efforts is relatively small.Third, the secondary distribution pattern of carbon emissions based on intra-region is established. So taking into comprehensive account the three viewpoints of the economic optimization, the equity principle and the continuity of production, the present model is aimed to bring the multiple goal of the maximized environment and economic benefits, the minimized abatement expenses, the comprehensive Gini coefficient and carbon dioxide emission variance for the enterprises into being. The result show: In different decision preferences scenarios allocation result is different, but the distribution consequences have been worked out based on the relevant data sources of given enterprise, who are entitled to own less abatement costs but better promising economic development prospect and fair index value, and, in turn, are expected to be well received because of a greater reduction task. The decision makers of the enterprises will be helpful to make high emission reduction potential choices on the different targets so to realize the goal for the optimized share of the emission rights.