| Greenhouse effect has become a worldwide problem, which is concerned. Numerous studies show that CO2 is the main factor leading to the greenhouse effect. To curtail greenhouse gas production is imperative, and the consumption of fossil fuels is the major cause of CO2 generating. Thermal power plant is an important place of fossil fuel use, but also one of the sources of CO2 emissions. Energy consumption of fossil fuels is mainly coal in our country, accounting for 70% of energy consumption, which the power generation consumes about 60%. With the increase in population, increasing demand for energy, electricity consumption increased, meanwhile the rapid growth of CO2 emissions.The United Nations made a series of initiatives to curb global warming, such as the "Kyoto Protocol" of the drafting and revision aims to create a object on CO2 emissions trading market. This thing is contribute to global greenhouse gas emission. The CO2 as goods, trade in the market, referred to as carbon trading. There are three mechanisms for carbon trading, which is the most active based on CDM. The number of its projects, renewable energy is the largest, accounting for 59% of the world’s existing projects including hydropower, wind power and so on. In the field of CDM, our country is focus to developing hydropower project.According to the need of carbon trading market, carbon emission accounting has become an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of a low-carbon economy. However, our country doesn’t have its own set of accounting theory system of carbon emission. At present, there are some questions when we use accounting methods, such as carbon boundary definition unscientific, calculation methods not uniform, the carbon emission factor determining not clear. Therefore, we need to develop a carbon accounting standard system urgently, which is fit to China’s actual situation.This research is focus to 25 run-off hydropower stations in Ganzi and Liangshan, which are located in western Sichuan region. According to mathematical modeling theory and Matlab software, meanwhile, my study use life cycle assessment method, cluster analysis and network analysis, principal component analysis, carbon calculation model and investigation and analysis of field works outside the industry to analyze related indicators of 25 run-off hydropower stations in the study area and get affect related indicators about hydropower carbon accounting amount. At the same time, calculate and analyze carbon emission amount in the period of construction and operation, the amount of carbon offsets in operation period and hydropower station annual carbon accounting amount, with getting a group of carbon accounting formulas. The results of this study showed that:(1) This study use z-score algorithm to normalize the raw data and then use a R scripting language invoked Heat map toolbox to cluster data between indicators and samples. By this way, we find that there was no significant trend difference among the indicators and samples. Stations have no obvious similarity, that described plants in the process of building basic environmental differences, and building conditions vary;(2) This study use z-score algorithm to normalize the raw data and then use Matlab software to calculate Pierce correlation coefficients and output associated adjacency matrix to create a topology network, then use the Cytoscape software to make topology network visualized. We can find that wasteland of permanent and temporary covering in the 44 indicators are hard to be associated with other indicators in the correlation analysis. Meanwhile, total flooded area and flooded forest, flooded meadows, these three indicators are related to submerged lands, and a high degree of inter-related, but not linked to the overall data. Analyzing the topology network connectivity in Figure 4-3, found that the center of the network is made up of the final annual generation capacity, installed capacity, design head, etc, which are related to the final power generation efficiency. This shows that most other indicators are built around an annual generation capacity and other related indicators change in the period of the entire power plant construction and operation;(3) This study use z-score algorithm to normalize the raw data and then use Matlab software to calculate Pierce correlation coefficients and output associated adjacency matrix to create a topology network, then use the Cytoscape software to make topology network visualized. We can find that Daxue, Jiangda, Buchang, Cuo Rigou, Huajiaoping station are similar to Gari station on power plant basic environment, construction conditions in the 25 stations. These stations can make an analog analysis, however, other power plants have a poor correlation;(4) Whether it is 44 or 24 indicators index analysis, we can get the first principal component that installed capacity, annual generation capacity factor and other indicators are positive and greater than the absolute value of the other factors, we promise the first principal component which is carbon offsets beneficial factor for the future power generation. According to the top five index coefficient, scoring on 25 hydropower stations, the higher the score, the greater the carbon compensation in the operation period. Similarly, get staff of station, investment per kilowatt in the second component to agree these indicators to carbon offsets harmful factors in the process of construction and operation of hydroelectric. According to the top five index coefficient, scoring on 25 hydropower stations, the higher the score, the lower the carbon compensation in the operation period;(5) According to the Cluster analysis of the results of scoring, we analyzed and discuss the highest score Ranwugou Hydropower Station and the lowest score Gari:in the design of hydropower, the power plant generating capacity should be considered a reasonable increase, while the construction of hydropower stations, it should be possible to reduce the corresponding raw materials, energy, labor and other consumption, such a model for a run-off hydropower station carbon offset higher;(6) According to the carbon calculation model, select the appropriate carbon emission factor, with using Excel software, calculate total carbon emissions of the construction period and operation period, the annual carbon emissions, the annual amount of carbon offsets of 25 hydropower station, the results in Table 22;(7) Get carbon accounting formula of the construction period on hydropower stations: TCOE1=CDEMC1+COEL1+COEW1,carbon accounting formula of the operation period on hydropower stations:TCOE2=CDEHE2+COEL2+COEW2,annual carbon accounting formula:ACE=(TCE1+TCE2)/n and so on, which are used for the carbon accounting system in our country, Meanwhile, the research topics for the status and participation of our country in the international carbon trading market plays an important role. |
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