| Ganoderma lucidum belongs to a kind of fungus of Ganodrma of Ganodermataceae of Polyporales of Basidiomycetes, and it is a mesophilic medicinal fungus. Guangdong province, which located in the subtropical zone, is a warm place.Guangdong’s climate is suitable for cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. There are many sericulturists in the suburbs of Guangzhou city. The sericulturists need to prune the mulberry trees, and most of sheared mulberry branches are burned on the spot or directly discarded. It causes the waste of resources. In addition, the other waste of resources in Guangdong province is vast residues of chinese herbs produced by the herbal tea stewing. In order to get rid of these residues, a lot of manpower and material resources are wasted every year. After comprehensive consideration of the above two wastes, we investigated the application of mulberry branches and herb dregs in Ganoderma lucidum cultivation in this study. Our results suggested that aqueous content of culture medium,culture room temperature, and temperature, had a significant impact on growth of Ganoderma mycelia and fruiting bodies. The suitable conditions for cultivation were: the ratio of material to water was 1 in 1.5, the temperature of culture room controlled in 25?C to 28?C, the humidity of culture room controlled in 85% to 95%, and the doors and windows were opened twice a day, and each time lasted for 2 hours. The centilation time could be extended or shorted according to the moisture variation.In order to improve the production quality, we dertermined the basic culturemedium formula of Ganoderma lucidum based on mulberry branches according to previous production practice. On this basis, a Plackett-Burman(PB) design was applied to screen 9 factors associated with polysaccharides content in fruitbody of cultivated Ganoderma lucidum, and the major factors were dertermined to be mulberry branches and herb dregs. Then, the steepest ascent test, central composite design and response surface methodology formula were applied to optimize the significant factors influencing the polysaccharide content, and a quadratic regression equation model was established by fruit body’s polysaccharide content as response values. Finally, the optimal medium formula was obtained with a significantly improved polysaccharide content. The optimized cultivation formula based on mulberry branches was determined: 65% mulberry branches sawdust, 25% Chinese herb medicine residues, 4% corn flour, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder, 4% bran,0.1% KH2PO4, 0.1% MgSO4?7H2O, 0.01% VB1. The verification experiment results showed that the polysaccharide content was obtained 8.35% in the fruit body by the optimized medium, and a 2.63-fold of that(3.17%) cultured by the original basic medium.To extract Ganoderma polysaccharides and triterpenes from the fruit body efficiently, the ultrasonic extraction method was used by a comparative study to tranditional extraction method of Ganoderma polysaccharides and triterpenes.Furthermore, central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the extraction process. The optimized process parameters were: 80?C, 45 min, 1:25 ratio of liquor to material for polysaccharide extraction, and 65?C,45 min, 1:25 ratio of liquor to material for triterpene extraction.Ultimately, we also explored preliminarily the applications of Ganoderma water extraction liquid and alcohol extracts in cosmetics. By choosing emulsifiers,preservatives, and improving stability, a face cream with high quality has been developed. This study provides theoretical and practical evidence for the development of Ganoderma cosmetics in the future. |
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