Comprehensive Evaluation Of Ecological Carrying Capacity In Typical Karst Fengcong Canyon Area

Ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, which maintains the health and stability of entire ecosystem. The ecological carrying capacity, presenting with human activities and natural environment adapting to each other, is the development ability of social economy subsystem in ecosystem. The purpose of regional ecological carrying capacity must be based on scientifically evaluating supply and demand situation to harmonize natural resource with ecological environment and social economic development. Therefore, human activities also must be limited within the elastic range of ecosystem and should not go beyond ecological carrying capacity, then we can keep sustainable development in the true sense. This paper mainly studied social pressure and natural environment support. According to the emphasis of the index selection, the author formed the ecological carrying capacity of Karst demonstration area with AHP to calculate the related weight value, and established the comprehensive evaluation model with comprehensive index method to evaluate ecological carrying capacity in Huajiang demonstration area.From the view of ecological carrying capacity, material consumption and pollutant emissions should be limited within the resource reserve and carrying capacity threshold. Only improving the ecological carrying capacity can we make sustainable development possible. Taking Guizhou Huajiang demonstration area as the evaluation object of ecological carrying capacity, about 2005 to 2014,this paper analyzed current situation in Huajiang demonstration area from three directions which are humanities and social economic pressure, natural environment support index and comprehensive evaluation results of ecological carrying capacity. Taking Guizhou Huajiang demonstration area as the evaluation object of ecological carrying capacity, about 2005 to 2014,this paper analyzed current situation in Huajiang demonstration area from three directions which are humanities and social economic pressure, natural environment support index and comprehensive evaluation results of ecological carrying capacity. It would have great significance for urbanization in Huajiang karst demonstration area through predicting the trend of ecological environment change and proposing scientifically solutions for rocky desertification. The results showed:(1) For the Huajiang demonstration area from 2005 to 2013, humanities and social economic pressure index rose 0.2542, pressure levels changed from medium to higher pressure, support index rose 0.2394, the level of support changed from low load to the secondary load. The ecological carrying capacity indices in Huajiang demonstration area between 2005 and 2013 were greater than 1, which were ascribed to high bearing load, but overall indices fell 0.3443. The ecological carrying capacity index fell 0.4009 from 2005 to 2010, but it rebounded 0.1487 from 2010 to 2014, which shows that although the ecological index has always been greater than 1, the treatment for rocky desertification has achieved a certain effect.(2) Between 2013 and 2014, the ecological carrying capacity indices of the Cha’eryan village, Xiagu village, Bashan village and Mugong village were all greater than 1, which were ascribed to high bearing load. The index of Yin Dongwan village was less than 1, which were ascribed to low bearing load. The results basically matched the actual survey, which suggests that large population pressure, unreasonable industrial structure. Low utilization rate of resource and sluggish development of circular economy had become the bottleneck of the local ecological economy.(3)Under the influence of the distribution regularity of vertical zone and seasonal change, the vegetation coverage of Huajiang demonstration area changes all year round. Under the interaction between improvement of natural environment along with the boost of treatment for rocky desertification and the new pressure from humanities, society and economy, Huajiang demonstration area is still overload in the next few years.The comprehensive evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in karst area is a long-term process, so we should monitor every indicator of ecological carrying capacity in the long-term and establish a scientific index evaluation to make evaluation standardized gradually and then in the long term, we can form a pre-warning system for ecological carrying capacity to make social and economic development and ecological environment governance controlled.