Study On Performance Of Dust Absorption And Sedimentation Of Road Sweeper

Abstract:As a dedicated sanitation vehicle, the road sweeper is used in cleaning various occasions widely, such as urban roads, airports, terminals, residential quarters and plaza, due to the functions of vacuum cleaning, gravity sedimentation and waste transportation. The road sweeper consists of cleaning mechanism, dust collecting system, gravity settling system and running framework. The dust collecting system and gravity sedimentation system are the core components of the sweeper, whose structural parameters have a direct impact on cleaning performance and dust settling properties. This paper focuses on the performance of pneumatic conveying system, which consists of cleaning system and gravity sedimentation system, giving some guiding significance conclusions.1. According to the theory of pneumatic conveying, this study started with analyzing the force condition of the dust particles under airflow and the starting management process;2. A physical model of vacuum plate was built to analyze shoulder angle (a) of vacuum plate, the lower nozzle height (H1), the shape of the inlet pipe structure, the number of cross-folding plate and other factors. The influence laws to vacuum plate internal flow velocity, pressure and wind velocities near surface were discussed, working out the optimal solution. The gas-solid two-phase flow verified that particles with a diameter of30mm can be sucked up, and the optimum driving speed is5.5-7km/h;3. Dust settling mechanism was analyzed to give the design principles of gravity settling chamber, to establish the physical model of gravity settling chamber and determine the boundary conditions and the mathematical model. Effect of settling chamber structural factors on the settlement of dust particles were analyzed, including shrink angle (α2) of dust cover, anteversion angle (β2) of dust cover, width to length ratio (iBL) of dust cover and the distance between inlet pipe outlet and the bottom of dust cover. Effect of parameters on the wind speed of dust collection box tail and the front of the outlet were simulated, giving the optimal combination of parameters. Dust particles with diameter of0.01mm can be completely settlement in the dust collecting box through the gas-solid flow.4. The optimized dust collecting system and gravity settling system reflected weaker negative pressure, less energy consumption, higher inlet average affixed wind speed. The results showed that the maximum error of simulated data is less than10%, meaning a higher credibility. Experimental vehicle was used to verify that the diameter of particle picked-up into the settling chamber was40mm, and particles with0.01mm diameter can be carried out smoothly settling down. Effect of speed on vacuuming efficiency was also shown later in this article.