The Study Of Urban Comprehensive Emergency Shelter System Planning

At present, the new urbanization is constantly developed in our country,but there exists risk of multi-type disasters under the prosperity of construction. Therefore, the concept of "Safe City" and " Resilient City" has gradually received a widespread recognition. Urban disaster prevention, especially the application and coordination of comprehensive disaster prevention and risk management in the urban planning has become a significant topic. Emergency shelters are the core of disaster prevention system. There is an important relationship between the layout of emergency shelters and public facilities, which often becomes an important study field between urban planning and disaster prevention.The paper makes a review of the basic theories of the system theory, the resilient city theory and related studies of the disaster prevention system planning and construction of emergency shelters, it is concluded that existing study ignored the "systematic" connotation of emergency shelter and the essence of comprehensive disaster prevention.The concept of "region", "urban and rural areas’ relationship" and "comprehensiveness"in the planning is missing.In theory,according to the path of the system theory and the resilient city theory, this paper researches emergency shelter system and its planning content. The study of emergency shelter system includes environmental analysis, system composition and operation mechanism. The city system, urban disaster system and urban disaster prevention space have the mutual influence on the emergency shelters. The composition of emergency system includes three aspects including function, elements and structure. The operation mechanism means that the escape behavior can be divided into three stages which are stage before disaster, post-disaster stage and reconstruction stage according to the temporal changes. The post-disaster stage can be divided into the emergency treatment stage and long-term refuge stage. From the perspective of management institutions and the public, the paper summarizes different behaviors of the two kinds of agents and state of shelters according to the given facts in each stage.In practice, taking the central city zone of ZhangJiagang as example, this paper selects the site of the comprehensive emergency shelters and establishes emergency shelter system, to verify that the thought of emergency shelter system planning is feasible.The paper uses GIS software tools to evaluate the relative risk of disasters of the central city zone of ZhangJiagang, then estimates the space demands and makes the suitability evaluation. Finally, the paper arranges spatial layout of the emergency shelters.