Research On The Spatial Layout Of Emergency Shelters In Small Mountainous Cities

Since ancient times, China is one of the worst natural disasters countries in the world. Earthquake, landslide and debris flow, flood, typhoon and tsunami and other natural disasters went along with the construction and development of our city. As a center of the region, the city is the high concentration of population and economy.In the face of ongoing urban disasters, to ensure the safety of people’s life and property has became the first task of urban development. Shelter, a place where people avoid disaster after a disaster, it’s necessary to strengthen its construction and research under the background of urban disasters enhance. Since the lands of mountainous cities are insufficient and evacuation road system is not perfect, it is difficult to accord the shelter’s layout with the urban population distribution. These problems in Yunnan province is more outstanding. Now, in the period of high-speed development of urbanization in our country, if we couldn’t put foreword to better solutions, the urban construction and development will be severely restricted. Therefore, based on the small mountain cities of Yunnan province as a case to study the layout of the emergengcy shelter problem has the necessity and urgency.In this paper, in order to conduct research on the location problem of emergency shelters in small mountainous cities, the author constructs diverse location models for different grades of emergency shelters, which aims to minimize the travel cost and construction cost and maximize the coverage range. Then the author will optimize and adjust the selected location combining with the actual urban land and construction situation. This paper takes Jianchuan County of Yunnan Province for example. Constructed models will be applied in the actual location selection of emergency shelters so as to verify that the models are feasible.In the second part of this paper, based on GIS software and mathematical model, since emergency shelters’scale cannot be considered in the location selection stages, the author combined with the characteristics of in small mountainous cities, screened out seven factors affecting the emergency shelters’service scope, and gave different weights to each factor. After obtaining the weighted coverage radius, the author used Weighted Voronoi Model to determine the actual service of emergency shelter. Combined with the city population data, spatial layout optimization of the emergency shelters can achieve better.In the third part of this paper, based on GIS software and the evaluation model, choosing emergency shelters of small mountainous city as the research object. By selecting three different evaluation models,the author try to evaluate the traffic accessibility of emergency shelters. And the reachability evaluation model is applied to the emergency shelters in Jianchuan County. Study on construction of the model and research method also provides a theoretical guidance and reference for the research of emergency shelters accessibility to other mountain cities.Based on those, the paper puts forward suggestions for the development of emergency shelter’s planning and constructions of small mountainous cities, as well as providing the theoretical guidance and references for the research on emergency shelter of other small mountainous cities.