Research On Layout Analysis And Optimization Of Earthquake Emergency Shelters Based On GIS

China is one of the countries in the world where natural disasters occur frequently.The large number of casualties and property losses that are caused by the earthquake and other disasters has seriously restricted the development of our economy and society.The research on earthquake emergency shelters planning is becoming highly valued in the whole country. Its planning and construction are an urgent need and inevitable choice to cope with the earthquake and other disasters, the layout of its affects the emergency refuge ability and risk of the city and its residents. At present, the research on the planning of urban earthquake emergency shelters is still in the exploration stage,which is based on the theory of public facilities location. Most of them are still in the process of the theoretical research, and the actual case is seldom used. Therefore this paper takes the main city in Xi’an as the research object, and tries to analyze and optimize the layout of the earthquake emergency shelters.Based on the present situation of research at home and abroad, this paper firstly summarized the earthquake emergency shelters, and the classification of earthquake emergency shelters, the relevant construction requirements and principles of planning.This article analyzes the public facility location model, and constructs the location model of earthquake emergency shelters in different levels with factors affecting the layout of earthquake emergency shelters. We take location set covering problem as the basis of the fixation of the emergency shelters location model, and take the maximalcovering location problem as the basis of the location model for center emergency shelters location model. At the same time, the models can be achieved by additional corresponding limit conditions, and the location models of the earthquake emergency shelters can be solved by GIS technology.Earthquake emergency shelters are the main place for disaster prevention and evacuation in the disaster areas, and the rationality of the spatial distribution of the disaster is very important. We establish the database of the earthquake emergency shelters with GIS technology to analyze the layout of the emergency shelter. The location model is applied to the siting of Xi’an earthquake emergency shelters, and the targets and principles of the urban earthquake emergency shelters are combined to optimize the layout of Xi’an earthquake emergency shelters. Based on the location choice and optimization of urban emergency shelters, the space layout of emergency shelters is realized through the division of emergency refuge service area and population size distribution. Based on the accessibility and fairness, the paper presents the evaluation index and method of spatial layout rationality of earthquake emergency shelter. It provides a reference for the planning and layout of emergency shelters in other cities.