Study On The Suitability Evaluation And Layout Optimization Of Emergency Shelter

Since the 21 st century, our country has entered a rapid development stage of urbanization. With the accelerated process of Urbanization, urban economic and life are more concentrated. In recent years, earthquakes, fires, explosions, accidents,public safety and other emergencies occurred frequently, and the city is a regional center of population, economy, and cultural, when the disaster occurs,which will be a huge and fragile carrier. How to respond to public emergencies, and improve the ability of the city to deal with unexpected events,maximize the reduce, avoid the harm and loss caused by unexpected events and stabilize the city development situation,were the duty of all levels of government to fulfill the social management and public service. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for the government to strengthen the emergency management work at all levels.Emergency shelter is an important place to provide a safe refuge and post disaster resettlement to the affected people in disaster, which is also the main content of city disaster prevention and mitigation. The occurrence of many disasters at domestic and abroad shows that urban emergency shelter can accommodate a large number of residents take refuge when disaster occurs, and it is conducive to the evacuation and rescue departments to focus on the rescue, also can greatly reduce the loss of disaster. Therefore, how to scientifically and rationally layout and construction of urban emergency shelter, improve urban disaster prevention capacity, and perfect the system of disaster prevention and mitigation, have always been the focus of attention of the government and society. Suitability evaluation of established emergency shelters, can examine the layout of rationality of the emergency shelter.explore the urban disaster prevention and mitigation work configuration gap, and provide the basis for the decision of the layout of the city emergency shelter.This paper takes Shijiazhuang city for an example, using GIS software as data processing platform, take suitability evaluation for established emergency shelters in Shijiazhuang city, and on the basis of the analysis of alternative sites, put forward the layout optimization program of Shijiazhuang city emergency shelters, The main workand conclusions are as follows:(1)Nine evaluation indexes are selected from three aspects of validity,accessibility and security, This paper establish the suitability evaluation index system,and use entropy weight method to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes. The results shows that: the number of accommodate(capacity) is the greatest contribution to the suitability evaluation results. Under the principle of accessibility, the distance from rescue service facilities maintain a larger weight, but other indicators have a relatively small contribution.(2)This research uses grey relational analysis and combine with entropy weight method as a model of suitability evaluation. Then we can get the decision value of suitability evaluation R. According to previous research experience,we divide the adaptive results into three levels:Suitable(R ≥ 0.6); Generally suitable(0.5≤ R <0.6);less suitable(R≤0.5). Among them, the Water Park, the Provincial Children’s Youth Activity Center and Chang’an Park layout is reasonable. which are at the Suitable level. Yuxi Park and Zhongshan Square are at a Generally suitable level;East Central Park and Xiqing Park, Peace Park and Lilac Garden Park are in the less suitable level of peace.(3)Reference population prediction formula, we take earthquake disaster for an example to predict. the evacuation population size of study area under different circumstances. and analyze the evacuation demand of the study area: there are 2.7million people who need temporary refuge in the study area. There are 19.5652 million people who need take refuge when the earthquake occurred in the fortification intensity; When the earthquake occurs beyond the fortification intensity,it will be 115.15 million people need to take refuge in the long time.(4)we use the Voronoi diagram to divide the responsibility area of the rescue service facilities, such as the public security organs, the fire service positions and medical institutions.(5)Considering the major hazard source are prone to secondary disasters in disaster, we use the buffer analysis to show the major hazard sources and the scope ofits spread,then get the emergency shelter layout optimization should avoid the scope.(6)Study area layout optimization program will be divided into three categories of emergency shelter: Urgent refuge, fixed place of refuge, center of refuge. The number of layout of emergency shelter is a total of 154, there are 102 of them were an emergency shelter(Yuhua District has 21, Qiaodong District has 10, Chang’an District has 18, Xinhua District has 26, Qiaoxi District has 24), 45 of them are fixed place of refuge.(Yuhua District has13, Qiaodong District has 5, Chang’an District has 7,Xinhua District has 6, Qiaoxi District has 15),7 of them are center of refuge.( Yuxi Park, Century Park, Peace Park, Water Park, Chang’an Park, Yutong Stadium and People Square).(7)The network analysis method is used to analyze the size of the population and the scope of service area of emergency shelter after optimizing the layout. The result shows that after re-layout, the emergency shelter service population basically meets the needs of the population in the study area. The scope of services covers the distribution of residential areas.