Research On Methods Of Passive Design For Congregate Housing In Cold Region

As energy has become a worldwide focus, as global environment is becoming increasingly polluted, we have to re-examine the development of strategies to keep us bound up with this moment. It is just because that energy is giving us a serious warn of lack which fosters people and helps accelerate development of society. As a country with rapid economic development, building energy use is rising year by year whose ratio is nearly reaching 35%- 40% as developed countries, among which residential consumption occupies a leading position. Cold regions with large populations and rapid economic development, consume considerable energy for residential cooling in summer and heating in winter. The passive-dwelling-house design with its low-tech, low energy consumption, low investment and high comfort features, would become a very efficient method to reduce residential energy consumption in cold regions. So based on our national condition, passive design of the congregated dwelling houses can yet be regarded as the first choice to solve the energy problem in cold regions according with the spirit of energy saving and sustainable development.In the thesis, ministry of housing and urban-rural research project "cold regions passive low-energy residential building integrated set of design strategy research", "Housing and Urban-Rural Development Ministry of Science and Technology Project Plan 2011"- International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(Sino-German cooperation). "China passive- low energy building demonstration project "- Qinhuangdao " bankside " house as an opportunity. After analysis and induction of a large number of domestic and overseas, actual cases, I’ve summarized design methods which suit characteristics of economic and energy in cold regions---- passiveness is prior and then initiative is used to optimize and alter the current design process that “active” method with high-tech and high investment is mostly preferential in design of domestic dwelling houses. Also, I’m exploring a variety of design means about integrated design and systematic design, applying the concept of industrialization, and ultimately realize integrated design.There is a lot of design approaches about passive houses whose angles are different. A various levels of analysis is carried out for the cold climate and energy characteristics from architectural way of thinking, including residential design, residential single design, maintenance structural design, comfort design, and utilization of renewable energy research. To be specific, to determine the orientation of residential floor space and lay a good foundation for the maximum use of solar energy and ventilation according to their locations and climate; to design passively from plan, elevation, section and form with a comprehensive consideration about winter heating and summer cooling; to design building envelope from methods about heat preservation and heat transfer coefficient to reduce the impact of external climate on indoor temperature; to design for comfort on the basis of energy efficiency design to ensure that indoor comfort is not reduced because of energy efficiency design; to carry out passive design about renewable energy on the basis of throttling and use low-grade, low-cost renewable energy to reduce residential energy consumption further.As a thesis of a postgraduate candidate, it is a summary after plenty of investigation and analysis of actual cases. I hope that this research can provide some useful advice and references for dwelling house design of building energy efficiency in cold regions.